Newcastle University

Qualifications

1989 BSc(Hons), Applied Biology and Nutritional Science
1990 PGCE, Science (11-18)
1998 PhD, Molecular Genetics of Insulin Resistance

Previous Positions

1999-2003 Scientist/Senior Scientist, Westlakes Research Institute

2003-2006 Senior Research Associate, Newcastle University 

2006-2009 Lecturer, Genetic Epidemiology, Newcastle University 

Research Interests

Epigenetic variation in common complex disease

Other Expertise

Genetic epidemiology

Current Work

My primary research interest is in understanding the role of epigenetic variation on health. Epigenetic modifications to the genome have a major influence on gene expression but little is known about how epigenetic patterns vary at a population level. We are applying DNA methylation microarray and high-throughput quantitative methods (Pyrosequencing and Sequenom MassArray) for the large scale analysis of epigenetic patterns to investigate both the determinants of epigenetic variation (genetic and environmental) and the consequences with respect to common complex diseases.

Current research activities include;

(a) The investigation of changes in epigenetic patterns and gene expression profiles in children with different postnatal growth trajectories to establish the role of epigenetic mechanisms in early life programming

(b) The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development and consequences of obesity

(c) The role of epigenetic variation in ageing and type 2 diabetes, with particular reference to underlying DNA sequence variation

(d) Inter-ethnic (Indo-European) comparison of DNA methylation signatures

(e) The role of DNA methylation in mitochondrial disorders

(f) The identification of dynamic epigenetic signatures in fetal development

(g) The identification of epigenetic biomarkers in post stroke dementia

(h) The role of epigenetic variation in relation to healthy ageing in women across the menopausal transition

(i) A programme of epigenetic research in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children relating to a wide range of early life exposures and subsequent influences on development

(j) Development and application of a ‘genetical epigenomics’ approach, applying the principle of Mendelian randomization to the analysis of epigenetic data to strengthen causal inference.

(k) Management of a large EUFP7 International Research Staff Exchange programme in Genomic and Epigenomic Complex Disease Epidemiology (GEoCoDE)

(l) The establishment of an Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies (ARIES)

Postgraduate Supervision

MD Student supervision
MRes student supervision
PhD student supervision

Funding

BBSRC
BDF Newlife
MRC
EU FP6 & FP7
Children's Foundation
March of Dimes

Newcastle Healthcare Charity
JGW Patterson Foundation
NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing and Age-Related Research

Wellcome Trust

Undergraduate Teaching

ACE3051 Human Nutrition and Health

BM3014 Biology of Ageing 

Postgraduate Teaching

MRes Medical and Molecular Biosciences: Clinical Epidemiology

MSc Public Health and Health Services Research: Applied Epidemiology 

• Turcot V, Groom A, McConnell JC, Pearce MS, Potter C, Embleton ND, Swan DC, Relton CL. Bioinformatic selection of putative epigenetically regulated loci associated with obesity using gene expression data. Gene 2012, 499(1), 99-107.
• Relton CL, Groom A, StPourcain B, Sayers AE, Swan DC, Embleton ND, Pearce MS, Ring SM, Northstone K, Tobias JH, Trakalo J, Ness AR, Shaheen SO, Davey-Smith G. DNA methylation patterns in cord blood DNA and body size in childhood. PLoS One 2012, 7(3), e31821.
• Potter C, Relton CL. Epigenetic Epidemiology. Karin B. Michels (ed). International Journal of Epidemiology 2012, 41(1), 308-309.
• Chinnery PF, Elliott HR, Hudson G, Samuels DC, Relton CL. Epigenetics, epidemiology and mitochondrial DNA diseases. International Journal of Epidemiology 2012, 41(1), 177-187.
• McKay JA, Groom A, Potter C, Coneyworth LJ, Ford D, Mathers JC, Relton CL. Genetic and Non-Genetic Influences during Pregnancy on Infant Global and Site Specific DNA Methylation: Role for Folate Gene Variants and Vitamin B₁₂. PLoS One 2012, 7(3), e33290.
• Pearce MS, McConnell JC, Barrett LM, Mathers JC, Parker L, Relton CL. Global LINE-1 DNA methylation is associated with blood glycaemic and lipid profiles. International Journal of Epidemiology 2012. In Press.
• Relton CL, Davey-Smith G. Is epidemiology ready for epigenetics?. International Journal of Epidemiology 2012, 41(1), 5-9.
• Narisawa A, Komatsuzaki S, Kikuchi A, Niihori T, Aoki Y, Fujiwara K, Tanemura M, Hata A, Suzuki Y, Relton CL, Grinham J, Leung KY, Partridge D, Robinson A, Stone V, Gustavsson P, Stanier P, Copp AJ, Greene ND, Tominaga T, Matsubara Y, Kure S. Mutations in genes encoding the glycine cleavage system predispose to neural tube defects in mice and humans. Human Molecular Genetics 2012, 21(7), 1496-1503.
• Winney B, Boumertit A, Day T, Davison D, Echeta C, Evseeva I, Hutnik K, Leslie S, Nicodemus K, Royrvik EC, Tonks S, Yang XF, Cheshire J, Longley P, Mateos P, Groom A, Relton C, Bishop DT, Black K, Northwood E, Parkinson L, Frayling TM, Steele A, Sampson JR, King T, Dixon R, Middleton D, Jennings B, Bowden R, Donnelly P, Bodmer W. People of the British Isles: preliminary analysis of genotypes and surnames in a UK-control population. European Journal of Human Genetics 2012, 20(2), 203-210.
• Groom A, Potter C, Swan DC, Fatemifar G, Evans DM, Ring SM, Turcot V, Pearce MS, Embleton ND, Smith GD, Mathers JC, Relton CL. Postnatal Growth and DNA Methylation Are Associated With Differential Gene Expression of the TACSTD2 Gene and Childhood Fat Mass. Diabetes 2012, 61(2), 391-400.
• Relton CL, Davey-Smith G. Two-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization: a strategy for establishing the causal role of epigenetic processes in pathways to disease. International Journal of Epidemiology 2012, 41(1), 161-176.
• Pearce M, Groom A, Relton C, Pollard T, Parker L, Francis R. Associations between sex hormones and bone mineral density and bone resorption in 50 year old men: The Newcastle thousand families study. In: Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health: IEA World Congress of Epidemiology. 2011, Edinburgh, UK: BMJ Group.
• Pearce MS, Groom A, Relton CL, Peaston RT, Pollard TM, Francis RM. Birth weight and early socio-economic disadvantage as predictors of sex hormones and sex hormone binding globulin in men at age 49–51 years. American Journal of Human Biology 2011, 23(2), 185-189.
• Parkinson KN, Pearce M, Dale A, Reilly JJ, Drewett RF, Wright CM, Relton CL, McArdle P, Le Couteur AS, Adamson AJ. Cohort Profile: The Gateshead Millennium Study. International Journal of Epidemiology 2011, 40(2), 308-317.
• McKay JA, Ford D, Relton CL, Evelo CT, Adriaens M, Mathers JC. Consequences of Folate Depletion during Development for DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in the Fetal Mouse. In: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: 7th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. 2011, Portland, Oregon, USA: Cambridge University Press.
• Relton CL, Groom A, St Pourcain B, Sayers AE, Swan DC, Embleton ND, Pearce MS, Ring SM, Northstone K, Tobias JH, Ness AR, Shaheen SO, Smith GD. DNA Methylation Patterns in Cord Blood DNA Predict Body Size in Childhood. In: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: 7th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. 2011, Portland, Oregon, USA: Cambridge University Press.
• McKay JA, Adriaens M, Xie L, Evelo CT, Relton CL, Ford D, Mathers JC. Folate Depletion during Development Causes Gene Expression Changes in Fetal and Adult Mouse Liver. In: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: 7th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. 2011, Portland, Oregon, USA: Cambridge University Press.
• Timofeeva MN, McKay JD, Smith GD, Johansson M, Byrnes GB, Chabrier A, Relton C, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Midttun O, Nygard O, Slimani N, Romieu I, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Teucher B, Boeing H, Weikert C, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Gils C, Peeters PHM, Agudo A, Barricarte A, Huerta JM, Rodriguez L, Sanchez MJ, Larranaga N, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Allen NE, Travis RC, Gallo V, Norat T, Krogh V, Masala G, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Rasmuson T, Hallmans G, Riboli E, Vineis P, Brennan P. Genetic Polymorphisms in 15q25 and 19q13 Loci, Cotinine Levels, and Risk of Lung Cancer in EPIC. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2011, 20(10), 2250-2261.
• McKay JA, Wong YK, Relton CL, Ford D, Mathers JC. Maternal folate supply and sex influence gene-specific DNA methylation in the fetal gut. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 2011, 55(11), 1717-1723.
• Groom A, Potter K, Turcot V, Pearce MS, Embleton ND, Relton CL. Postnatal Growth Is Associated with DNA Methylation and Childhood Adiposity: Using Genetic Variation to Infer the Direction of Causation. In: Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: 7th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease. 2011, Portland, Oregon, USA: Cambridge University Press.
• Baltar VT, Xun WW, Chuang SC, Relton C, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Midttun O, Johansson M, Slimani N, Jenab M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Weikert C, Bueno-De-Mesquita HB, Boshuizen HC, van Gils CH, Peeters PHM, Agudo A, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Rodriguez L, Castano JMH, Larranaga N, Perez MJS, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Allen NE, Crowe F, Gallo V, Norat T, Tagliabue G, Masala G, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Bamia C, Rasmuson T, Hallmans G, Roswall N, Tjonneland A, Riboli E, Brennan P, Vineis P. Smoking, Secondhand Smoke, and Cotinine Levels in a Subset of EPIC Cohort. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2011, 20(5), 869-875.
• Pearce MS, Relton CL, Groom A, Peaston RT, Francis RM. A lifecourse study of bone resorption in men ages 49-51 years: The Newcastle Thousand Families cohort study. Bone 2010, 46(4), 952-956.
• Relton CL, Smith GD. Epigenetic Epidemiology of Common Complex Disease: Prospects for Prediction, Prevention, and Treatment. PLoS Medicine 2010, 7(10), e1000356.
• Groom A, Elliott HR, Embleton ND, Relton CL. Epigenetics and child health: basic principles. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2010, (epub ahead of print).
• Jennings BA, Willis GA, Skinner J, Relton CL. Genetic selection? A study of individual variation in the enzymes of folate metabolism. BMC Medical Genetics 2010, 11, -.
• Mathers J, Strathdee G, Relton C. Induction of Epigenetic Alterations by Dietary and Other Environmental Factors. In: Herceg, Z., Ushijima, T, ed. Advances in Genetics: Epigenetics and Cancer, Part B. Amsterdam; London: Academic Press, 2010, pp.4-39.
• Sutherland A, Kim D, Relton C, Ahn Y, Hesketh J. Polymorphisms in the selenoprotein S and 15-kDa selenoprotein genes are associated with altered susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Genes and Nutrition 2010, 5(3), 215-223.
• Johansson M, Relton C, Ueland PM, Vollset SE, Midtun O, Nygard O, Slimani N, Boffetta P, Jenab M, Clavel-Chapelon C, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fagherazzi G, Kaaks R, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Weikert C, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Ros MM, vanGils CH, Peeters PHM, Agudo A, Barricarte A, Navarro C, Rodriguez L, Sanchez MJ, Larranage N, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Allen NE, Crowe F, Gallo V, Norat T, Krogh V, Masala G, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Tumino R, Trichopoulos A, Lagiou P, Tricholpoulos D, Rasmuson T, Hallmans G, Riboli E, Vineis P, Brennan P. Serum B vitamin levels and risk of lung cancer. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 2010, 303(23), 2377-2385.
• Relton CL, Groom A, Elliott HR, McConnell JC, McKay JA, Pearce MS, Davey Smith G, Mathers JC. Epigenetic Epidemiology: Evidence for the Role of Epigenetic Variation in Complex Disease. In: 19th International Congress of Nutrition. 2009, Bangkok, Thailand: Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism: S. Karger AG.
• Brown SJ, Relton CL, Liao H, Zhao Y, Sandilands A, McLean WH, Cordell HJ, Reynolds NJ. Filaggrin haploinsufficiency is highly penetrant and is associated with increased severity of eczema: further delineation of the skin phenotype in a prospective epidemiological study of 792 school children. British Journal of Dermatology 2009, 161(4), 884-889.
• Dorak MT, MacKay RK, Relton CL, Worwood M, Parker L, Hall AG. Hereditary Hemochromatosis Gene (HFE) Variants are Associated with Birth Weight and Childhood Leukemia Risk. Pediatric Blood & Cancer 2009, 53(7), 1242-1248.
• Pearce MS, Relton CL, Parker L, Unwin NC. Sex differences in the association between infant feeding and blood cholesterol in later life: the Newcastle thousand families cohort study at age 49-51 years. European Journal of Epidemiology 2009, 24(7), 375-380.
• Mckay JA, Adriaens ME, Ford D, Relton CL, Evelo CTA, Mathers JC. Bioinformatic interrogation of expression array data to identify nutritionally regulated genes potentially modulated by DNA methylation. Genes & Nutrition 2008, 3(3-4), 167-171.
• Brown SJ, Relton CL, Liao H, Zhao Y, Sandilands A, Wilson IJ, Burn J, Reynolds NJ, McLean WH, Cordell HJ. Filaggrin loss-of-function mutations and childhood atopic eczma: a population-based case-control study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008, 121(4), 940-946.e3.
• Brown S, Relton C, Liao H, Zhao Y, Sandilands A, Burn J, Cordell H, McLean WHI, Reynolds N. Filaggrin mutations in atopic eczema: genotype-phenotype correlation. In: 88th Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatologists. 2008, Liverpool, UK: British Journal of Dermatology: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Brown SJ, Relton CL, Liao H, Zhao Y, Sandilands A, Wilson IJ, Burn J, Reynolds NJ, McLean W, Cordell HJ. Filaggrin null mutations in mild-moderate atopic eczema: a population-based case-control study. In: International Investigative Dermatology Meeting. 2008, Kyoto, Japan: Journal of Investigative Dermatology: Nature Publishing Group.
• Starr JM, Shiels PG, Harris SE, Pattie A, Pearce MS, Relton CL, Deary IJ. Oxidative stress, telomere length and biomarkers of physical aging in a cohort aged 79 years from the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 2008, 129(12), 745-751.
• Elliott HR, Samuels DC, Eden JA, Relton CL, Chinnery PF. Pathogenic Mitochondrial DNA Mutations Are Common in the General Population. American Journal of Human Genetics 2008, 83(2), 254-260.
• Brown SJ, Sandilands A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Relton CL, Meggitt SJ, Trembath RC, Barker JNWN, Reynolds NJ, Cordell HJ, McLean WHI. Prevalent and low-frequency null mutations in the filaggrin gene are associated with early-onset and persistent atopic eczema. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2008. , 128(6), 1591-1594.
• Pearce MS, Relton CL, Unwin NC, Adamson AJ, Smith GD. The relation between diarrhoeal episodes in infancy and both blood pressure and sodium intake in later life: The Newcastle Thousand Families Study. Journal of Human Hypertension 2008, 22(8), 582-584.
• Relton CL, Pearce MS, O'Sullivan JJ. The relationship between gestational age, systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in children. Journal of Human Hypertension 2008, 22(5), 352-357.
• MacKay RK, Relton CL, Dorak MT. An HLA and leukaemia association study without HLA typing. In: 21st European Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility Conference. 2007, Barcelona: Tissue Antigens, Wiley-Blackwell.
• Groom A, Relton CL, Mckay JA, Steedman L, Mathers JC, Taytor P, Poston L. DNA methylation status at the Igf2 locus in offspring of a mouse model of maternal diet-induced obesity. In: Early Human Development. 2007, Perth, Western Australia: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Mckay JA, Helston RM, Philips SR, Relton CL, Ford D, Mathers JC. Effects of dietary zinc supply during pregnancy on foetal liver DNA methylation of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) gene in C57BL/J6 mice. Early Human Development 2007, 83, S168.
• Pennell CE, Jacobsson B, Williams SM, Buus RM, Muglia LJ, Dolan SM, Morken N-H, Ozcelik H, Lye SJ, Relton C. Genetic epidemiologic studies of preterm birth: guidelines for research. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007. , 196(2), 107-118.
• Pennell CE, Muglia LJ, Relton C. Genetic epidemiologic studies of preterm birth: studies of disease or of "rescue by birth"?. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2007, 197(4), 439-439.
• Relton CL, Groom A, Mckay JA, Ford D, Mathers JC. Polymorphic variation in DNA methyltransferase genes in relation to birth weight, smoking and folate status. Early Human Development 2007, 83, S99-S99.
• Relton CL, Mackay R, Dorak MT. Polymorphic variation in the haemochromatosis gene is associated with increased birth weight. In: Early Human Development: 5th International Congress on Developmental Origins of Health & Disease. 2007, Perth, Western Australia: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Pennell CE, Muglia LJ, Relton C. Reply. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007, 197(4), 439-.
• Freathy RM, Weedon MN, Bennett A, Hypponen E, Relton CL, Knight B, Shields B, Parnell KS, Groves CJ, Ring SM, Pembrey ME, Ben-Shlomo Y, Strachan DP, Power C, Jarvelin M-R, McCarthy MI, Smith GD, Hattersley AT, Frayling TM. Type 2 diabetes TCF7L2 risk genotypes alter birth weight: A study of 24,053 individuals. American Journal of Human Genetics 2007, 80(6), 1150-1161.
• Wilding CS, Relton CL, Rees G, Whitehouse C, Tarone R, Tawn EJ. DNA repair gene polymorphisms in relation to chromosome aberration frequencies in retired radiation workers. Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2006,570 1 137-145.
• Wilding CS, Rees GS, Relton CL, Tawn EJ. Genotype profiles of loci encoding DNA repair enzymes in newborn and elderly populations: No evidence of association with longevity. Biogerontology 2006, 7(1), 35-41.
• Wilding CS, Cadwell K, Tawn EJ, Relton CL, Taylor GA, Chinnery PF, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in individuals occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. Radiation Research 2006, 165(2), 202-207.
• Relton CL, Pearce MS, O'Sullivan JJ. The relationship between gestational age and pulse pressure in children. In: Early Human Development: 4th World Congress on Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). 2006, Utrecht, The Netherlands: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Relton CL, Pearce MS, Burn J, Parker L. An investigation of folate-related genetic factors in the determination of birthweight. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2005, 19(5), 360-367.
• Wilding CS, Relton CL, Rees GS, Tarone RE, Whitehouse CA, Tawn EJ. DNA repair gene polymorphisms in relation to chromosome aberration frequencies in retired radiation workers. Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2005, 570(1), 137-145.
• Relton CL, Pearce MS, Ness A, Burn J. Folate Status and Genetic Selection. Nature Genetics 2005. .
• Relton CL, Rankin J. Folic acid - the challenge of unplanned pregnancy and social deprivation. BMJ Rapid Responses :BMJ,2005. Available at :http://www.bmj.com/cgi/eletters/330/7491/574.
• Relton CL, Hammal DM, Rankin J, Parker L. Folic acid supplementation and social deprivation. Public Health Nutrition 2005, 8(3), 338-340.
• Pearce M, Unwin N, Relton C, Alberti K, Parker L. Lifecourse determinants of fasting and post-challenge glucose at age 50 years: The Newcastle thousand families study. European Journal of Epidemiology 2005, 20(11), 915-923.
• Relton CL, Pearce MS, Parker L. The influence of erythrocyte folate and serum vitamin B₁₂ status on birth weight. British Journal of Nutrition 2005, 93(5), 593-599.
• Relton CL, Daniel CP, Hammal DM, Parker L, Tawn EJ, Burn J. DNA repair gene polymorphisms, pre-natal factors and the frequency of somatic mutations in the glycophorin-A gene among healthy newborns. Mutation Research: Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2004, 545(1-2), 49-57.
• Relton CL, Daniel CP, Hammal DM, Parker L, Tawn EJ, Burn J. DNA repair gene polymorphisms, pre-natal factors and the frequency of somatic mutations in the glycophorin-A gene among healthy newborns. Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2004, 545(1-2), 49-57.
• Relton CL, Wilding CS, Pearce MS, Laffling AJ, Jonas PA, Lynch SA, Tawn EJ, Burn J. Gene-gene interaction in folate-related genes and risk of neural tube defects in a UK population. Journal of Medical Genetics 2004, 41(4), 256-260.
• Relton CL, Wilding CS, Laffling AJ, Jonas PA, Burgess T, Binks K, Tawn EJ, Burn J. Low erythrocyte folate status and polymorphic variation in folate-related genes are associated with risk of neural tube defect pregnancy. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 2004,81 4 273-281.
• Wilding CS, Relton CL, Sutton MJ, Jonas PA, Lynch S-A, Tawn EJ, Burn J. Thymidylate synthase repeat polymorphisms and risk of neural tube defects in a population from the northern United Kingdom. Birth Defects Research Part A - Clinical and Molecular Teratology 2004,70 7 483-485.
• Relton CL, Jackson A, Burn J. Folic acid - changes in women's knowledge. British Journal of Midwifery 2003, 11(7), 438-441.
• Relton CL, Wilding CS, Jonas PA, Lynch SA, Tawn EJ, Burn J. Genetic susceptibility to neural tube defect pregnancy varies with offspring phenotype. Clinical Genetics 2003, 64(5), 424-428.
• Relton CL, Daniel CP, Fisher A, Chase DS, Burn J, Tawn EJ. Polymorphisms of the DNA repair gene XRCC1 and the frequency of somatic mutations at the glycophorin A locus in newborns. Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2002, 502(1-2), 61-68.
• Relton CL, Daniel CP, Fisher A, Chase DS, Burn J, Tawn EJ. Polymorphisms of the DNA repair gene XRCC1 and the frequency of somatic mutations at the glycophorin A locus in newborns. Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 2002, 502(1-2), 61-68.
• Relton CL, Turnbull DM, Walker M. Increased expression of alpha-cardiac actin in cultured human skeletal muscle cells treated with troglitazone. Diabetes 1998, 47, A398.
• Relton CL, Fagan LJ, Armstrong MJ, Turnbull DM, Walker M. The S20G islet-associated polypeptide gene mutation in familial NIDDM. Diabetologia 1997, 40, 1113.