Photographs

Photographs are used in orthodontics to record the face and dentition before and after treatment.

Standard orthodontic views are:

Extra-Oral
Full Face
Full face with smile
Head in Profile (either from left or right)

Intra-Oral
Incisors in occlusion
Right buccal segments in occlusion
Left buccal segments in occlusion

Mirror view of upper arch
Mirror view of lower arch
Incisors in profile (if increased overject)

Taking photographs - some tips:

1) If using a digital camera - take as many as required to get the 'right photograph'
2) Use cheek retractors and mirrors to ensusre that image is clear and illustrates what is require. Get a colleague to assist by holding the cheek retractors

3) Use a finger rest to steady camera - and hold your breath when taking the phothograph

4) Ensure the lighting is correct

Too dark	Lighting correct

5) Mirror views are difficult! Below are a few technqiues that may help:

Assistant retracts cheeks/lips, with patinet holding mirror

Upper mirror view	Lower mirror view