NEW ZEALAND

Adze (Toki)NEWHM: 1998.H224
Adze with stone blade and wooden shaft carved in openwork using metal tools. Heel in shape of bird's head with shell (Haliotis sp.) eyes; rounded butt end. Blade loose; no binding present. Length 50cm, thickness of blade 2cm, length of head 9.5cm, length of toe to head 13cm, length of shaft 43cm.Shaft marked 'JH'. Probably late 19th century.
Origin:North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from John Hancock, 1865 (listed in Trans. nat. Hist. Soc. Northumb. 9: 297).

Axe bladeNEWHM: C017
Axe blade of heavy, slightly polished, grey-green stone with black specks. Curved flattish tapering blade with even profile and flat sides. Width of blade end 6.5cm, width of handle end 4cm, length 17.5cm. Pre-1932.
Origin:Taranaki tribe, west of Mount Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from W.R. Hails (64/1932).

Adze blade NEWHM: C143
Long, narrow chipped slate adze blade, tapering to squared off point. Underside flat; central ridge on upper side. Crudely worked, but one section smooth. Length 18cm, maximum width 3cm, thickness 3.5cm. Collected 1891.
Origin:Marshlands, Tuia Marina, near Blenheim, Cloudy Bay New Zealand; found by Edward Chaytor.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/49), given to her in 1891.

Adze blade NEWHM: C144
Dark stone adze blade with narrow shaft end and wider cutting edge. Planed and roughly polished on both sides. Length 15.5cm, maximum width 6.7cm, minimum width 3.3cm, maximum thickness 3cm. One of a group with C146 and C151-C156. Pre-1888.
Origin:Cloudy Bay, South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C146
Stone (possibly slate) adze blade with broad shaft end and narrower cutting edge. Underside rough; upper side flat. Broken tip or cleave. Roughly worked, and possibly unfinished. Length 13.5cm, maximum width 5.2cm, minimum width 2.5cm, maximum thickness 5cm. One of a group with C144 and C151-C156. Pre-1888.
Origin:Cloudy Bay, South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C148
Polished granite adze blade with wide cutting edge, planed on underside, and narrow shaft end. Chipped on cutting edge. Length 16.5cm, maximum width 6.3cm, minimum width 3.4cm, maximum thickness 2.5cm. Pre-1928.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Dr F.W. Dendy (4/1928).

Adze blade NEWHM: C149
Stone (possibly basalt) adze blade. Short and broad, with cutting edge steeply bevelled on the underside. Length 10.5cm, maximum width 6.5cm, minimum width 4.8cm, maximum thickness 2.2cm. Pre-1885.
Origin:North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:from George Burnett (1885).

Adze blade NEWHM: C150
Long, narrow, stone adze blade, possibly slate. Polished towards blade edge, crudely worked at shaft end; rectangular cross-section. Underside rough. Length 13.2cm, maximum width 3.2cm, minimum width 2.3cm, maximum thickness 1.8cm. Pre-1888.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C151
Small slate adze blade with flat topside. Possibly unfinished: chip marks visible, unpolished and crudely worked. Possibly broken at shaft end. Length 7.2cm, maximum width 3.8cm, minimum width 1.3cm, maximum thickness 1.3cm. One of a group with C144, C146 and C152-C156. Pre-1888.
Origin:Cloudy Bay, South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C152
Grey-green slate adze blade, with flat topside and curved underside at cutting edge; cutting edge wider than shaft end, which is broken, with a piece chipped out of the slate. Length 10.6cm, maximum width 7cm, minimum width 5.3cm, maximum thickness 1.7cm. One of a group with C144, C146 and C151-C156. Pre-1888.
Origin:Cloudy Bay, South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C153
Short granite adze blade of squarish cross-section. Narrow with flat topside; widens at centre. Length 9.3cm, width at ends 1.2cm, width at centre 2cm, maximum thickness 2cm. One of a group with C144, C146 and C151-C56. Pre-1888.
Origin:Cloudy Bay, South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C154
Stone, probably basalt, adze blade, with flat underside near shaft end. Top rounded at haft end; cutting edge wider than rounded shaft end. Length 14cm, maximum width 4.5cm, minimum width 2.8cm, maximum thickness 2.8cm. One of a group with C144, C146 and C151-C156. Pre-1888.
Origin:Cloudy Bay, South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C155
Medium grey, polished, stone adze blade. Blade narrows to roughly worked shaft end. Length 15.9cm, maximum width 4.5cm, minimum width 2.2cm, maximum thickness 2.5cm. One of a group with C144, C146 and C151-C156. Pre-1888.
Origin:Cloudy Bay, South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C156
Small polished dark stone (chert?) adze blade, with flat topside and curved underside at cutting edge. Cutting edge is broader than shaft end. Length 9.2cm, maximum width 5cm, minimum width 3cm, maximum thickness 1.7cm. One of a group with C144, C146 and C151-C155. Old labels: 1) 'from Lyells Bay Wellington Oct. 21.73'; 2) reads 'Cloudy Bay N.Z Miss Chaytor. Aug 1888'.
Origin:Lyells Bay[possibly Arapawa Island], Wellington Head; or Cloudy Bay, both on South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Chaytor, Marshlands, New Zealand (7/1888).

Adze blade NEWHM: C616
Nephrite adze blade with small hole pierced at narrow end. Surface rough and edges slightly chipped. Length 11cm, maximum width 5.5cm, minimum width 3cm, thickness 1cm. Old label: 'adze blade made of the poenammoo, or jade stone, New Zealand.' Style of handwriting indicates late eighteenth or early 19th century provenance.
Origin:New Zealand.

Adze blade NEWHM: C617
Nephrite adze blade with smooth, rounded surfaces. Underside very pitted. Worked twice, indicating an early (?18th century) date. Length 14cm, maximum width 7cm, minimum width 3.5cm, thickness 1.5cm. Pre-1915.
Origin:South Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:Held on 'permanent loan' from SANT(55a/1938). SANT acc'n. no. 1899.15. Accession records state: 'jade axe-blade, Pahi, S.I., New Zealand, turned up by the plough near the site of an old Maori Pah [pa = fortified place]. Alderman T.G. Gibson, 1899-1915'.

Adze blade NEWHM: C626
Small adze blade of smooth black stone. Surface pitted on one side. Length 5.5cm, maximum width 3.5cm, minimum width 2cm, thickness 0.5cm.
Origin:New Zealand.

Adze blade NEWHM: C668
Large, heavy, basalt adze blade with curved underside. Length 31cm, maximum width 7cm.
Origin:North Island, New Zealand; not Sandwich Islands [Hawaii], as labelled.

Bag (Kete whakairo) NEWHM: C593
Kit-bag of woven flax with plaited flax handles. Dark and light brown woven decoration. Width 55cm, height 32cm, length of handles 29cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:Orakei Korako, Taupo district, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/18). Old label: 'presented to me by Georgina, at Orakokoraki.'

Basket (Kete) NEWHM: C174
Basket made by splitting and plaiting a kiekie (Freycinetia baueriana) leaf. Leaf bent in half; sides knotted together with knot on inside. Height 15cm, width 18cm, width of reeds 3.5cm, One of group with C175 and C176.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:possibly Miss Roberts (1/1925).

Basket (Kete) NEWHM: C175
Basket made by splitting and plaiting a kiekie (Freycinetia baueriana) leaf. Leaf bent in half; sides knotted together with knot on inside. Base flattened in storage. Height 17cm, width 48cm, width of reeds 4cm. One of group with C174 and C176.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:possibly Miss Roberts (1/1925).

Basket (Kete) NEWHM: C176
Basket made by splitting and plaiting a kiekie (Freycinetia baueriana) leaf. Leaf bent in half; sides knotted together with knot on inside. Two rough reed loops for handles; thick plait at bottom. Height 34cm, width 76cm, width of reeds 3.5cm, length of handles 1m. One of group with C174 andC175.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:possibly Miss Roberts (1/1925).

Basket (Kete) NEWHM: C585
Basket made by plaiting a kiekie (Freycinetia baueriana) leaf. Length 45cm, width 8cm, height 23cm.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:probably presented by E.G. Lee (1884), according to old label.

Boat part NEWHM: C121
Smooth, round-ended elliptical piece of light, reddish-brown wood with two holes through centre. Has possibly been re-worked into an implement. Maximum length 24.8cm, maximum width 4.6cm, thickness 1cm. One of group with C122-C123. Pre-1892.
Origin:from a Maori wreck at Aratiatia Rapids, Taupo, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892).

Boat part NEWHM: C122
Smooth wedge-shaped piece of wood (similar to C121), of oblong shape with 'finger projection.' Maximum length 22.7cm, maximum width 4.6cm, maximum thickness 2.2cm, minimum thickness 0.3cm. One of a group with C121-C123. Pre-1892.
Origin:from a Maori wreck at Aratiatia Rapids, Taupo, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892).

Boat part NEWHM: C123
Smooth elliptical baton of wood similar to C121, of indented oval shape with two holes through centre, possibly a rowlock. Maximum length 2.3cm, maximum width 6.5cm. One of a group with C121-C122. Pre-1892.
Origin:from a Maori wreck at Aratiatia Rapids, Taupo, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892).

Canoe stern post (Taurapa) NEWHM: C594
Vertical attachment fo a wooden stern of a Maori war canoe (aka taua), beautifully carved with openwork decoration. Height 141cm, maximum width 33cm, depth 22cm. Called rapa [blade] on old label. Late 19th century.
Origin:Lake Rotoiti, Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand. The lake was once used regularly as a link in a canoe route to Lake Rotorua, canoes being dragged up from Lake Okataira or across Lake Rotoehu.
Acquisition:part of Julia Boyd bequest (4/1892/1). Obtained from Eric Craig, 'Fern and Curiosity Dealer', Princes Street, Auckland New Zealand for œ6.0.0.

Canoe prow ornament (Tauihu) NEWHM: C595
Carved wooden prow ornament of a Maori war canoe, with openwork geometric decoration of double evolute spirals. Most of the figure missing. Length 104cm, maximum width 38cm, minimum width 14cm, height 44cm. Called Tete [figure head] on old label. Late 19th century.
Origin:Lake Rotoiti, Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/2). Obtained from Eric Craig,'Fern and Curiosity Dealer', Princes Street, Auckland New Zealand for œ6.0.0.

Chisel part (Whao) NEWHM: C157
Blade, or cutting end of a polished stone chisel. Flat topped, and widening to cutting edge. Broken. Length 3cm, maximum width 3cm, maximum thickness 1cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:Piha, Auckland, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/48).

Cleaver (Patu onewa) NEWHM: C015
Handle-end only of a polished basalt cleaver, with ridges on rounded end and hole pierced through for carrying thong. Length 22cm, maximum width 8cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/47).

Cleaver (Patu onewa) NEWHM: C016
Basalt cleaver. Handle with suspension hole broken off and crudely chipped as secondary working to form crude handle. An old label incorrectly identifies it as 'stone hammer' and another as a mere. Length 21.5cm, maximum width 10cm. Pre-1904.
Origin:New Zealand: an old label incorrectly identifies it as 'Antique Australian stone hammer, Bindigo, 1904.
Acquisition:loan from Mrs McFadyen, 1931.

Cleaver (Wahaika) NEWHM: C629
Wooden cleaver in the form of a Wahaika, with carved handle and carved human figure on one edge. Handle pierced near top. Length 39cm, maximum width 17cm. Probably a Maori heirloom. Figured in A.W. Franks' notebook circa 1870, and a drawing of it (as a mere-rakau) was published by Edge- Partington (1895, p. 224). This artefact was stolen from display in May 1991 and has not been recovered.
Origin:New Zealand.

Cleaver (Patu paraoa) NEWHM: C630
Well-balanced cleaver made of whalebone, with pierced rounded butt lug threaded with substantial plaited flax suspension cord. Length 43.5cm, maximum width 9.5cm, length of cord 32cm. Figured in A.W. Franks' notebook circa 1870. Pre-1800.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:Allan Museum.

Cleaver (Patu paraoa) NEWHM: C631
Cleaver made of whalebone, with pierced and carved handle. Length 38.5cm, maximum width 11cm. Pre-1925.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Miss Roberts (1/1925).

Cleaver (Patu paraoa) NEWHM: C632
Wooden cleaver, deeply carved with elaborate patterns and three stylised faces in relief. Traces of pigment in eyes. Probably carved for the tourist market. Length 46.5cm, maximum width 6.5cm. Pre- 1930.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Mrs McFadyen (16/1930).

Cleaver (Patu pounamu) NEWHM: C633
Nephrite cleaver with pierced handle. An old label reads: 'This greenstone mere belonged to the Maori chief Tamati, of the Ngatiwhaka-awe tribe, who was killed in an engagement against the British during the wars of 1860 and 1862 and was buried with his remains at Ngawawahia. Came into my hands with this history - From Lio Medo; œ7.0.0.' Length 28cm, maximum width 7cm. This Patu was stolen from display in May 1991, and has not been recovered. Pre-1892.
Origin:possibly Taraniki or Waitato areas, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:Bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/42).

Cleaver (Patu onewa) NEWHM: C634
Basalt cleaver with carved and pierced handle, and well-worn lug. One edge slightly chipped. Length 36.5cm, maximum width 8cm. Mid-19th century.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:Has 'N.H.S.' written on one side in mid-19th century hand, and indication of old label.

Cleaver (Patu onewa) NEWHM: C635
Basalt cleaver, carved and pierced. One edge slightly chipped.Length 36.5cm, maximum width 9.3cm.
Origin:New Zealand.

Cleaver (Kotiate) NEWHM: C636
Wooden 'fiddle-shaped' cleaver; butt with carved tiki head, the tongue slightly skewed, and cheeks puffy. Rectangular hole for suspension loop. A wooden peg has been inserted to strengthen a knot in the wood and stop the wood splitting, but the wood is cracked in several places. The letter 'F' is engraved in an old, possibly 18th century hand: one of the taiahas in the Bompas collection (C590) bears a 'c' and reversed 'E' in similar style. Length 36.5cm, maximum width 15.5cm. Figured in A.W. Franks' notebook circa 1870. Pre-1800. Several kotiate were figured in the eighteenth century, none of the drawings examined matches this artefact; see figures in Joppien and Smith (1985).
Origin:New Zealand, possibly Taranaki style.
Acquisition:Allan Museum, with original label.

Cloak (Korowai) NEWHM: C171
Large, plain flax cloak with flax ties and borders of tightly woven flax cords. Slightly striped weave, double strong weft at regular intervals. Base reinforced with rawhide. Stained; torn where hanging string was attached. Length 121cm, width (at base) 173cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:probably Wanganui, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/21).

Cloak (Korowai) NEWHM: C605
Flax cloak hung all over with strands of twisted black-dyed flax, with a border along edge of red, white and black wool. Length 117cm, width 173cm. Late 19th century.
Origin:Wanganui, Taupo, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:Possibly from Julia Boyd (4/1892/16?).

Cloak (Whakatipu) NEWHM: C606
Shaggy wet-weather cloak covered with strands of raw flax, or toi. Length 112cm, width 110cm. Used for travelling, fishing or hunting. Old label in Julia Boyd's hand: 'Whakatipu: a shaggy flax mat used for common wear in former days. Especially in wet weather as it would turn rain. Very rare now.' Possibly a para rather than a whakatipu. Pre-1892.
Origin:Taupo, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/14).

Cloak (Kaitaka) NEWHM: C613
Fine flax cloak with restrained geometric pattern on broad lower border (taniko) in green, pink and black colours. Spaced, double-pair twining forms very finely woven plain body without ornamentation of tags or feathers. Slightly dirty. Length 210cm, width 141cm, width of border 24cm. Early 19th century: the importance of kaitaka cloaks declined circa 1830s, the korowai becoming the popular style of cloak in the later 19th century.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:possibly bequest from Julia Boyd (4/1892/20): old label only indicates 'no history'.

Cloak (Korowai) NEWHM: C757
Flax cloak with red and brown wool fringes along three edges and flax fringe along fourth edge. Surface of cloak decorated with flax tassels and bobbles of red and brown wool rolled cords. Length 150cm, width 150cm. Pre-1930.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from Mrs McFadyen (16/1930).

Documents NEWHM: C495
Hard-bound book comprising 'fac-similes of the declaration of independence and the treaty of Waitangi Wellington. By authority, George Didsbury, government printer 1877', stamped 'Auckland institute library' and 'sold by order of the Auckland Institute.' Cover marked 'New Zealand. treaty of Waitangi 1840.' Length 34.5cm, width 22.5cm. Listed in the early 1980s, this item was not located during the preparation of the present catalogue.
Origin:Waitangi, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892).

Feeding funnel (Korere) NEWHM: C624
Wooden feeding funnel, elaborately carved with cursive figures in relief on each side, and at rear. The carving is almost in the style of a Taranaki figure. On this artefact, the figures have been carved in outline and the main figure unfinished, but there is very little surface decoration. (Korere were usually beautifully carved, with both the figures on the outside of the funnel and the groundwork between the figures elaborately decorated.) Slightly cracked with a small amount of insect damage. Length 21.5cm, maximum width 10cm, height 13cm. Pre-1800. A highly tapu artefact, used to feed pur‚ed food and water to people after they had been tattooed and their mouths had become inflamed and swollen. This piece is a rare and important eighteenth century survival: as korere were highly tapu, it is unlikely that many would be traded to mariners. The korere was listed by Fox (1827) as being a whistle, following information on George Allan's label. This reads A New Zealand Whistle, that yields a shrill sound, and is worn by the men about their necks.' Figured in the Franks notebook circa 1870.
Origin:Taranaki style, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:Allan Museum (part of Allan's label remains).

Fish hook (Matau) NEWHM: C638
Composite lure fish hook with bone barb and shank of wood and pearl shell, bound together with vegetable fibre. Short vegetable fibre trace. Length of shank 10cm, length of point 4cm, length of trace 6cm. Late 19th century.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:Marked J.H.' [i.e. John Hancock]. Date of donation unknown.

Fishing line sinker? NEWHM: C627
Elongate piece of grey stone, with a hole bored through one end; a shallow groove around the other end. Previously incorrectly catalogued as an ear-drop, because of a general similarity to nephrite Maori ear-ornaments. Length 7cm, maximum thickness 1cm.
Origin:Paraparaumu beach, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/13, pars).

Fishing net NEWHM: C619a-b
Two very small pieces of a fishing net, made of knotted flax. Larger piece 7cm by 4.5cm, smaller piece 5cm by 3cm.
Origin:Lake Tarawera, Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand.

Flax and bark samples NEWHM: C615
Long swathe of flax and bark bound together to represent the raw materials of Maori handiwork. Length 96cm, thickness 6cm.
Origin:New Zealand and Fiji.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/13, pars).

Flute (Putorino) NEWHM: C623
Simple, flat wooden pipe or bugle-flute with heart-shaped aperture. Made in two lateral sections, bound together with plaited flax cord binding. Length 36cm, maximum width 4cm.The wood lacks the surface decoration often found in these flutes, and the binding is more extensive than usual. The style of handwriting on the label indicates an early (late 18th-early 19th century) provenance. Plaited flax binding rather than rattan found in later examples also indicates that it is an early piece.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:from an unknown source, possibly Allan Museum.

Flute (Nguru) NEWHM: C620
Wooden whistle, or nose flute, carved with deeply incised elaborate decoration in sharp relief, probably with metal tools. A carrying thong of dog's hide with hair is still present, but detached from flute. Length 13cm, diameter 4cm, length of carrying thong 64cm. Figured in A.W. Franks' notebook circa 1870: Franks noted the presence of two nguru in the collection. Probably mid-19th century or earlier.
Origin:northern North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:Either this or C621 (below) is possibly an Allan Museum item, equating to an artefact listed by Fox (1827) as originating in Hawaii. The metal-tooled carving of C620 and shallow decoration of C621 suggest the latter is the earlier artefact. Neither of these nguru appears to have been figured by 18th century artists. The surface decoration is markedly different to the one drawn by J.F. Miller (British Library Add. MS 23920, f. 73), and C. Praval's sketch (British Library Add. MS 7085, f. 33) is too imprecise to equate the figure with the artefacts.

Flute (Nguru) NEWHM: C621
Wooden whistle or nose flute with carved incised decoration of spiral patterns showing a complete tiki, a bird with eye, beak and wing, with its face about the suspension lug, amid scrolls. Carrying strap of plaited flax, now broken. Very shallow decoration, which would indicate it was made before the introduction of metal tools. Length 9.5cm, diameter 3cm, length of carrying strap 100cm. Possibly late 18th century.
Origin:northern North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:Unknown, probably Allan Museum (see notes for C620). Marked 'N.H.S.' in mid-19th century style.

Gable apex figure (Tekoteko) NEWHM: C597a
Wooden gable apex figure of a stylised man carved in the round, with incised carving representing typical facial tattoo (moko). Height of carved figure 101cm. Late 19th century. Part of a Maori storehouse gable with C597b-c.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/3 or 4) and collected by her in 1891.

Gable boards (Maihi) NEWHM: C597b-c
Pair of large wooden barge or gable boards, partially carved in relief. Length circa 177cm. Part of a Maori storehouse gable with C597a. The two boards are symmetrically opposed. Late 19th century.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/part of group 5-7).

Preserved heads

There are two recorded acquisitions of Maori heads: one given in 1830 by Mr Taylor of Boldon (NHS Transactions, 1st series, 1: 11) and a second donated on 27 April 1850 by Robert Currie and listed in the accessions register. A.W. Franks noted, circa 1870, that there were 'five pickled New Zealand heads' in the museum. Since then, this number has somehow been reduced to three: all are of uncertain provenance. Access to these heads is restricted, for obvious reasons.
Preserved human head (Mokomokai) NEWHM: C011
Preserved male head with a small moustache. Yellowish skin decorated with blue-black tattoos (moko) in triple lines. Cranium opening reinforced with fibre and cane. Eyelids closed; eye slits stuffed with bark and gum. Longish, wavy black hair. Eyebrows partially present; a few hairs around mouth and on chin. Wound on forehead, hole by left side of underlip, skull stitched in several places. Earlobes pierced with large holes. The dark green-blue-black pigment and fully healed skin indicates that this is genuine tattooing, carried out while the man was still alive. Maximum height 17cm, maximum width 13cm, maximum length 23cm. Pre-1872.
Origin:New Zealand.

Preserved human head (Mokomokai) NEWHM: C012
Preserved male head with short moustache and beard. Yellowish skin decorated with blue-black tattoos (moko) in quadruple lines. Eyes stitched up; nose cut across and stitched up, thus very flat. New tattoos above nostrils; wounds on cranium, and left side of face sewn up. Hair cut at front. Small moustache and beard, and thick black eyebrows present. Cranium opening reinforced with cane loop; lips drawn together in two places by fibre. Two bottom right incisors missing. Maximum height 24cm, maximum width 12cm, maximum length 20cm. Pre-1872.
Origin:New Zealand.

Preserved human head (Mokomokai) NEWHM: C013
Preserved male head, perhaps a European, of brown colour with much hair. Post-mortem 'tattoo' comprising deeply incised scars, most detailed on left forehead, jawbones and nose. Dark brown skin (varnished?); hair white and brown; ears pierced. Eye sockets filled with gum, nostrils unplugged, no reinforcement on cranial opening. Lips reinforced at sides to hold together. Large wound at bottom back of head partly sewn up. Prominent nose and narrow face gives head a Caucasian appearance. Skin cracked around left eye, insect damage elsewhere. Maximum height 18cm, maximum width 12cm, maximum length 23cm. Pre-1872.
Origin:New Zealand.

House panels (Poupou) NEWHM: C599-600
Pair of carved wooden panels, each tapered at one end. Each is carved in relief with a single highly stylised human figure. C599 height 59cm, C600 height 57cm; width 22cm. Probably sidewall panels of a Maori storehouse or meeting house. Pre-1892.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/part of group 5-7).

Kilt (Piupiu) NEWHM: C179
Flax kilt, the top half bound with flax threads dyed yellow, grey and brown and decorated with flax leaf (pokinikini) tags. Like C608, it is hung with multiple long strands of grass, striped dark and light brown. Fibres plaited at the top form a waistband. Ties comprising two twisted flax threads, one plain and one patterned, at each end of the waistband. Very fragile, reeds broken and brittle. Length 50cm, length of bound section 28cm, width 95cm, length of ties (plain) 49cm, (patterned) 65cm. Possibly pre-1850.
Origin:Wanganui, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/16).

Kilt (Piupiu) NEWHM: C180
Woven flax kilt, decorated with strips of flax leaf (pokinikini), split in places to show inside of fibres. Waistband of knotted and plaited flax fibre with plaits of coarser fibres forming ties. Length 70cm, width 132cm, height of waistband 6cm, length of ties 40cm. Pre-1913.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/16).

Kilt (Piupiu) NEWHM: C608
Dark brown flax wrapover kilt, hung with multiple long strands of flax leaf (pokinikini), striped dark and light brown. Yellow tying cord of twisted flax. Length 56cm, width 120cm. Probably late 19th century.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/16).

Mat (Takapau or porera) NEWHM: C177
Sleeping mat of woven flax leaf in natural and dark brown colours. Made of pieces joined together at back, the joints being invisible on front. Parallel chevron patterns in brown bands against natural background. Length 264cm, width 182cm. Pre-1892
Origin:Oruanui, Taupo, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/16).

Mat (Whariki) NEWHM: C429
Plain-weave floor-mat of flax-leaf fibre. Two edges plain and two fringed; one fringe being formed of the ends of the woven fibres, and the other comprising larger, separate pieces of leaf fibre sewn onto the mat edge.Two holes (5-10cm diameter) near centre. Length 198cm, width 125cm.
Origin:probably New Zealand.

Mat (Whariki) NEWHM: C430
Large plain floor-mat of plain weave flax-leaf fibres. Two edges plain and two fringed; both fringes are a combination of ends of woven fibres and additional, larger pieces of leaf. Fragile: in very poor condition, breaking along one fold. Old label: 'flax mat.' Length 350cm. width 224cm. Mid-19th century.
Origin:probably New Zealand.
Acquisition:marked N.H.S., in mid-19th century hand.

Mat (Takapau or porera) NEWHM: C708
Large sleeping mat made of flax leaf. Length 250cm, width 112cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:Oruanui, Taupo, North Island, New Zealand. Length 250cm, width 112cm.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/17). Old label in Julia Boyd's hand: 'I got it from the natives who made it at Oranui.'

Mat (Tapora) NEWHM: C586
Rectangular mat of woven reed for covering an oven, with a length of plaited reed at each corner. Length 80cm, width 53cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/19).

Model house frame NEWHM: C026
Wooden model of front-frame of a Maori meeting house. It includes the threshold beam (paepae), two vertical supports (amo), sloping gable bargeboards (maihi) and gable apex figure (teketeko). The gable boards overlap the side panels. Beams are decorated with carving and inlaid with shell. One eye is missing, showing sealing wax. Length 70cm, maximum height 59cm, height of teketeko 19cm. Pre-1951.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:donation from W.H.M.M. (27/1951/56: Wellcome number 118146).

Neck ornament (Rei puta) NEWHM: C765
Neck ornament, the pendant made from the tooth of a sperm whale (Physter catodon) with two engraved blackened eyes on the tooth. A finely plaited flax cord and bird bone toggle attachment serves for hanging around the wearer's neck. Length 17cm, width 4.5cm, length of cord 45cm, length of toggle 7.5cm. Pre-1800; figured in A,W, Franks' notebook circa 1870.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:Allan Museum. It has been widely believed by staff at the Hancock Museum that the rei puta in Allan's museum was the object brought to England on the Endeavour and figured by Parkinson (Plate 13 in Hawkesworth, 1773). This suggestion has appeared in print (Duff, 1969), but doubts have been expressed elsewhere (Kaeppler, 1978). Close examination of the rei puta reveals differences between the actual object and Parkinson's figure: C765 differs from the rei puta drawn by Parkinson in the shape of the eyes, the lack of decoration on the toggle, the attachment of the neck-cord to the tooth and the presence of some natural marks on the tooth.

Paddle (Hoe) NEWHM: C589
Wooden canoe paddle, with traces of negative-resist painted scroll pattern (kowhaiwhai) on the blade. There is open-work carving of a bird's head (manaia) at the handle-end of the shaft, and relief carving at the head-end. Length 178cm, maximum width of blade 13cm. Acquired in New Zealand, October, 1769. Because of its rarity and through association with Cook's first circumnavigation, C589 could be considered to be one of the most important artefacts in the collection. This hoe was figured by Sydney Parkinson during the voyage of the Endeavour - Parkinson's original sketch survives in the British Library (Add. MS 23920, f.71a) and was reproduced in colour by Joppien & Smith (1985). Parkinson died on 26 January 1771, when the vessel was returning to England, and the hoe was subsequently brought back to England by one of the crew.
Origin:Poverty Bay, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquisition:Allan Museum.

Painting NEWHM: C490
Framed watercolour painting of Maoris in a canoe at a lakeside with small inhabited island and volcano in the background. Inscription on back almost illegible. Mentions boiling volcano and Lake Rotokaire [?Lake Rotokare, near Mount Egmont]. Painting 33.5cm by 24.5cm, frame 50cm by 40cm. One of group C489-C491. Pre-1930.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:loan from Mrs McFadyen, 1931.

Painting NEWHM: C491
Framed watercolour painting of two Maori men and two Maori women from the Ngati Whatua tribe in Auckland area, North Island. They are wearing cloaks (kahu huru huru) made of flax ; one is holding a taiaha. Old label: 'Rangimahora wife of Maiaka, chief of Ngati Whatua and Khou, one of the priests of Ngati Whatua', and 'Paora, or Tuhaira, nephew, of Kauwau Nga Mako, his wife and granddaughter of Kawau, Orakei.' Painting 24cm by 33cm, frame 40cm by 50cm. One of group C489-C491. Pre-1930.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:loan from Mrs McFadyen, 1931.

Painting NEWHM: C492
Unframed watercolour painting of a tribal meeting house (whare whakairo) by Julia Boyd. Various inscriptions on the back, some in pencil, now illegible, some in ink 'Ngatitahu's wharehouse or rather wharepuni-great house or guest house. Ngatitahu is the name of the Hapu tribe. We were told we had become one of the tribe by becoming their guest. The little provision house raised on four posts to prevent the depredations of rats, pigs etc. is called a pataka.' Length 57cm, width 38cm. Signed and dated, Julia Boyd 1891.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892).

Photograph NEWHM: C618
Colour photograph of the head and shoulders of an adult male Maori, showing face tattoo, flax cloak and hei tiki pendant. The hei tiki, in the form of a stylised human figure, often a squatting female, were worn mainly by women as talismans of fertility, and by men as tokens of friendship. Photograph is somewhat faded. Approximate length 16cm, approximate width 13cm.
Origin:New Zealand.

Photographs NEWHM: C493
Collection of photographs taken in New Zealand, Australia, Tahiti, Raratonga and Fiji
C4943d
Photograph of an elderly man, Sir William Fox (1812-93, four-times Prime Minister; lived at Westoe near Marton, North Island from 1849), seated on an ornately carved wooden chair, holding a copy of ?Temperance Times. Taken at Dougall's Studio, Esk Street, Invereargill. Wrapped in paper package, 18cm by 12cm.
C4943f
Photograph of a middle-aged Maori woman 'Georgina with whom we stayed.' She is wearing European-style costume and standing against the back of an armchair. Wrapped in paper package 18cmx12cm. Taken at Orakei, Korako, on the Waikato River, North Island, New Zealand. Pre-1892.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquisition:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892).

Plaited band (sample) NEWHM: C760
Plaited band used for making hats. Old label: 'made from leaves of ti tree (cabbage palm, Cordyline australis)' Length 50cm, width 1.5cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892).

Pounder (Tuki muka or patu muka) NEWHM: C023
Very heavy, coarse granite pounder or pestle, used for bruising fern root. Length 28cm, maximum circumference 29.5cm. Pre-1932.
Origin:Taranaki tribe, west of Mount Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from W.R. Hails (64/1932).

Pounder ('Paoi' or Tuki muka) NEWHM: C614
Bottle-shaped stone (possibly basalt) pounder, used for beating flax into fibres before weaving. Length 23.5cm, maximum width 10cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/43).

Pounder (Tuka muka) NEWHM: C628
Cylindrical, round-ended bottle-shaped stone pounder, broadening at centre, for beating flax into fibres before weaving. Old label: 'Toki Moka stone, a fern root beater used also for preparing flax. Very rare. The Maoris had no querns.' Surface pitted all over. Length 23.5 cm, maximum diameter 8cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:Piha, Auckland, New Zealand.
Acquistion:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/46). Old label: given to Julia Boyd by Mr Brivill (or Bidwill?).'

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: C421
A heavy wooden taiaha, the head bound at base with a colourful collar of flax and thin sacking or webbing overbound with printed cotton textile and twisted and knotted vegetable fibre cord, with remains of bundles of very fine, greyish-white dog hair tassels bound with fibre. A few pieces of quills also remain under binding. Carved section of head damaged; one eye missing on one side. Length of shaft 132cm, length of bound neck 16.5cm, length of carved head 19.5cm, total length 168cm. Probably pre-1800.
Origin:probably Rotarua school, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:Allan Museum, by tradition.

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: C422
Wooden taiaha, the head bound at base with thick composite padding, consisting of thin sacking or webbing overbound with printed cotton cloth. Shaft cracked in several places. Length of shaft 165cm, length of head 23cm, total length 187cm. Has NHS written on shaft in mid-19th century style, probably pre-1850.
Origin:New Zealand, not typical of Rotarua school.
Acquistion:possibly donated in 1850 by W.G. Simpson, not Allan Museum as given on old label.

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: C423
Wooden taiaha, lacking vegetable fibre or feather tassels. Old label. 'spontoon or spear carried by the chiefs of New Zealand curiously carved and ornamented with eyes formed of the beautiful pearl of the iris shell.' An unfinished artefact, there is no surface decoration on the tongue, the head has circular shell eye on one side only and the blade end is unfinished. Shaft slightly cracked and pitted. Length of shaft 145cm, length of head 21cm, total length 166cm. Pre-1800.
Origin:probably Rotarua school, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:Allan Museum.

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: C424
Wooden taiaha, lacking vegetable fibre or feather tassels. Length of shaft 104cm, total length 117cm. Pre-1951.
Origin:probably Rotarua school, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from W.H.M.M. (27/1951/55; Wellcome number 133706).

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: C428
Wooden taiaha, lacking vegetable fibre or feather tassels. Shell inlay missing from one eye on each side. Length 216cm, length of head 17.5cm, maximum width of head 6cm, maximum width of butt 8cm. Pre-1858.
Origin:probably Rotarua school, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from C.K. Brown, per The Misses Brown-Croft (Accession: Aug 1853, Aug 1858). Old label gives donor's name in error as C.R. Brown.

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: C590
Wooden taiaha, lacking typical vegetable fibre or feather tassels. Engraved with letter 'c' and reversed letter 'E', carved in similar style to that on kotiate, C636; band of scrolls on reverse side. Length 165cm, maximum width of head 5cm, maximum width of butt 7cm. Style of carved letters indicates early date for a European collection: possibly late 18th/early 19th century.
Origin:probably Rotarua school, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion: donation from Wilfred Hall (56/1937), ex Bompas collection.

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: C591
Wooden taiaha, with finely carved head with shell eyes, but lacking typical vegetable fibre or feather tassels. Length 147.5cm. Possibly Pre-1800.
Origin:probably Rotarua school, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from Dr Wilfred Hall (56/1937), ex Bompas collection. Old label indicates it is ...from Sir Joseph Banks collection. Given to Dean Buckland by the late Robert Brown of British Museum, New Zealand /T...i ...[illegible].' This provenance is plausible. Robert Brown (1773-1858) was librarian to Sir Joseph Banks, later moving to the British Museum where he was Keeper of the botanical department between 1827 and 1857. William Buckland (1784-1856) could only be styled Dean' after 1845, when he was appointed Dean of Westminster in 1845, thus giving an earliest- possible date for the label. Mrs Bompas (vide supra) was a daughter of Dean Buckland. Wilfred Hall, a Tyneside industrialist, was executor of her will and a family friend?
Even though from Banks's collection, the taiaha could not have been collected on the Endeavour voyage, as the carving has been made with steel tools - therefore not collected personally by Banks in New Zealand.

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: C592
Wooden taiaha with a narrow blade end and lacking vegetable fibre or feather tassels. Length 134cm, maximum width of head 5cm, maximum width of butt 4cm. Pre-1922.
Origin:probably Rotarua school, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from Broderick Dale (2/1922).

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: 1998.H213
Taiaha made from rata wood with collar of coarse vegetable fibre, partly dyed red and bound with red thread. Length 157cm. Made for tourists, circa 1960s.
Origin:Made by 'Moko', P.O. box 17091, Auckland, New Zealand.

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: 1998.H220
Wooden taiaha with plain head with short tongue, and lacking vegetable fibre or feather tassels. Length 183.5cm, maximum width of head 5cm, maximum width of butt 7cm. Pre-1800.
Origin:probably Rotarua school, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:Allan Museum.

'Quarterstaff' (Taiaha) NEWHM: 1998.H221
Wooden taiaha, lacking vegetable fibre or feather tassels. Length 153cm, maximum width of head 5cm, maximum width of butt 7cm. Pre-1937.
Acquistion:donation from Dr Wilfred Hall (56/1937), ex Bompas collection.

'Quarterstaff' (Tewhatewha) NEWHM: C587
Wooden hatchet-shaped Maori club or quarterstaff tewhatewha, decorated with bundle of nine (pigeon?) feather tassels bound with vegetable fibre cord through hole in blade. Shaft decorated with a band of relief carving. Length 114cm, maximum width of head 16cm, length of tassels 16cm. Figured in A.W. Franks' notebook circa 1870. Pre-1867.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from William Moreton between April 1866 and April 1867 (recorded in Trans. nat. Hist. Soc. Northumb. 1: 444).

'Quarterstaff' (Tewhatewha) NEWHM: C588
Wooden hatchet-shaped Maori club or quarter staff, tewhatewha, with plain, uncarved tongue. Lacks feather tassel.Length 139cm, maximum width of head 32cm. Probably made about the same time as it was collected, late in the 18th century.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:Allan Museum.

Shark hook NEWHM: C082
Shark hook with pearl shell point, bound with thick flax fibre snood to thick dark wooden shank. Line of plaited fibre cord, square in section, bound to top of shank. Point has single barb carved out of pearl shell. Length of point 4.3cm, tip of point to top of shank 14cm, length of line 82cm. Pre-1951.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from W.H.M.M. (27/1951/49).

Shawl (Horo) NEWHM: C607
Thin shawl of soft flax. Dark brown with light brown stripes and fringes. Length 86cm, width 73cm. Pre- 1892.
Origin:possibly Wanganui, New Zealand.
Acquistion:possibly bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892).

Sinker (Mahe) NEWHM: C625
Round stone sinker used in fishing, with mesal groove for attachment of fishing net. Diameter 9cm, thickness 3.5cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:Piha, Auckland, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/45). Given to donor by Mr Bethell, according to old label. See also C147, in Fiji section.

Staff (Tokotoko) NEWHM: C224
Wooden carved staff or walking stick. Handle in form of elongated animal's head joining back of head of human figure, carved in the round. Human seated on pedestal, with right hand on hip, left hand clutching short spear to chest, with carved chest ornament. Below pedestal, three human figures, back to back, carved in relief, all wearing short skirts, with right hand holding cleaver against stomach, left hand on hip, tongue out. These stand on two figures, back to back, carved in relief; right hand holding cleaver against stomach, left hand on abdomen, tongue out. Rest of stick carved with patterns and two animal forms, reptile and insect. Tip of handle and foot of one of bottom figures chipped. Length (excluding handle) 92cm, length of handle 14cm, height of lower figures 14cm, height of top figure 18cm. Possibly made as a souvenir, pre-1932.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from W.H.M.M. (27/1951/54; Wellcome number K113345, ref. no 48888). St[evens salerooms] 10/5/1932, lot 331. Price 3/-. Check no. 9934. 27 March 1933.

Staff (Tokotoko) NEWHM: C223
Wooden staff or walking stick with polished surface. Handle protrudes at right-angles from head. Both handle and base of stick uncarved. Remainder of stick carved with patterns and two decorated human figures, one near bottom of stick and one immediately below handle, the curve of the forehead forming the curve of the handle. Both figures have left hand over genitals. Lower figure has right hand on hip and bird-like face with tongue out; upper figure holds cleaver in right hand against chest. Toes of figures chipped. Length excluding handle 86cm, length of handle 11cm, height of carved figures 20cm. Possibly a tourist item pre-1951.
Origin:New Zealand: not West Africa, as given on old label.
Acquistion:donation from W.H.M.M. (27/1951/53; Wellcome number 205477).

Staff (Tokotoko) NEWHM: C225
Unpolished, carved wooden staff or walking stick. Bottom section of shaft is uncarved, remainder carved in deep-cut spiral pattern, with patterns in low relief on outside of spiral. Above spiral, a carved head with carved knob projecting from back. Top of head and knob uncarved. Bark or gum around bottom of shaft. Knob cracked at back. Length 108cm, length of uncarved shaft 37.5cm. Possibly made as a souvenir pre-1930.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:from Mrs McFadyen (16/1930).

Storehouse doorway (Kuwaha) NEWHM: C598
Carved wooden storehouse doorway, standing on two legs, made from a rectangular piece of wood with relief carving of stylised human figure with moko incised on face, against background of scrolls. Overall height 140cm, height of board 78cm, width of board 51cm, length of legs 56cm. Part of a Maori storehouse. Collected by Julia Boyd in 1891.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/5-7).

String sample NEWHM: C761
Length of twisted string made of flax (herakeke). Old label: 'made from Phormium tenax'. Length 275cm. Pre-1892.
Origin:Norfolk Island, New Zealand: not Samoa, as given in old records.
Acquistion:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/).

Threshold beam (Paepae-kai-awa) NEWHM: C596
Wooden beam with relief carvings of stylised human faces and animal figures. Length 249cm, height 26cm, depth 20cm. From a storehouse rather than a meeting house. Collected by Julia Boyd in 1891.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:bequest from Miss Julia Boyd (4/1892/).

Treasure box (Wakahuia)NEWHM: 1998.H218
Deep, elongate-oval feather box with well-fitting wooden detachable lid. Decorated with elaborately carved ridged spirals and curvilinear shapes on lid and sides of box. Stylised heads project as handles at each end. Length 50cm. Used for storing treasures (taonga) and family heirlooms. Probably 19th century.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from W.H.M.M. (27/1951/48; Wellcome number 151713). Listed as 'wood casket, late Maori.'

Treasure box (Wakahuia)NEWHM: 1998.H219
Circular, wooden treasure box with well-fitting wooden detachable lid. Intricately carved in relief with ridged bands around the box and lid. A reclining figure on top of the lid, lying with hands across his chest. Box stands on a rectilinear wooden base, and is supported by two humanoid legs which form the lower part of a crouching figure, the rest of which is carved in relief on one side of the box. Width 18cm, height 10.5cm. Probably 19th century.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from W.H.M.M. (27/1951/47; Wellcome number 190478). Listed as 'wood casket, late Maori.'

Trumpet (Pukaea) NEWHM: C622
Wooden trumpet, with forked bell mouth; made in two lateral sections, bound together with kiekie (Freycinetia baueriana) root Length 67cm, diameter of mouthpiece 2.5cm, diameter of bell 10cm. Figured in A.W. Franks' notebook circa 1870, and in Edge-Partington's Album (1895, p.232); cited by Best (1924). Pre-1800.
Origin:New Zealand.
Acquistion:Allan Museum.

Whip NEWHM: C140
Whip made by the donor in 1875 of New Zealand flax. Flax, found growing at Lake Tarawara, bound to an uneven wooden stick with fine twisted flax. Strongly bent, having been kept bound up. Length of handle 31cm, length of whipcord 260cm, maximum width of whipcord 1.2cm, minimum 0.4cm. Pre-1921.
Origin:Lake Tarawara, North Island, New Zealand.
Acquistion:donation from Ernest Scott (4/1921).

SAMOAN ISLANDS COOK ISLANDS