Newcastle University

Introduction

I have retired from my full time post and work part time as a strategic research advisor in ICM and a Research Director to  Medical Toxicology Centre. I am based in the Devonshire Building .  My  research has  addressed a range of aspects of the effects of exposure to chemicals at low levels in the environment on human health including development of biomarkers of effect. Particular current interests are in dermal absorption of drugs and chemicals and metabolism and local toxicity in the skin.

• Jowsey PJ, Williams FM, Blain PG. DNA damage responses in cells exposed to sulphur mustard. Toxicology Letters 2012, 209(1), 1-10.
• Axon A, May FEB, Gaughan LE, Williams FM, Blain PG, Wright MC. Tartrazine and sunset yellow are xenoestrogens in a new screening assay to identify modulators of human oestrogen receptor transcriptional activity. Toxicology 2012, 298(1-3), 40-51.
• Forrester AR, Lovat PE, Graham M, Williams FM, Reynolds NJ. Differential activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and regulation of differentiation in the epidermal equivalent model. In: Toxicology: Annual Congress of The British Toxicology Society. 2011, Durham, UK: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Katsanou E, Williams F, Machera K, Mutch E. Heavy metal toxicity and implications for hepatobiliary diseases. In: 47th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology. 2011, Paris, France: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Jowsey PA, Williams FM, Blain PG. The role of homologous recombination in the cellular response to sulphur mustard. In: Toxicology: Annual Congress of The British Toxicology Society. 2011, Durham: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Forrester A, Graham M, Williams F, Reynolds N. Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor In Human Keratinocytes and Relevance To Chloracne. In: Journal of Investigative Dermatology: 40th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Dermatological Research. 2010, Helsinki, Finland: Nature Publishing Group.
• Axon A, Cowie DE, Oakley F, Williams FM, Blain PG, Wright MC. Acute oestradiol (E2) administration to mice results in liver portal tract inflammation. In: Toxicology: Annual Spring Meeting of the British Toxicological Society. 2010, Edinburgh, UK: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Sriwichai P, Williams FM, Lye C, Silmon A, Mutch E. An investigation of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles to HL60 and Jurkat cells in vitro. In: Toxicology: Annual Spring Meeting of the British Toxicological Society. 2010, Edinburgh, UK: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Benhusein GM, Mutch E, Aburawi S, Williams FM. Genotoxic effect induced by hydrogen peroxide in human hepatoma cells using comet assay. Libyan Journal of Medicine 2010, 5, 4637.
• Jowsey PA, Williams FM, Blain PG. The role of homologous recombination in the cellular response to sulphur mustard. Toxicology Letters 2010, 197(1), 12-18.
• Atherton KM, Williams FM, Gonzalez FJE, Glass R, Rushton S, Blain PG, Mutch E. DNA damage in horticultural farmers: a pilot study showing an association with organophosphate pesticide exposure. Biomarkers 2009, 14(7), 443-451.
• Jowsey PA, Williams FM, Blain PG. DNA damage, signalling and repair after exposure of cells to the sulphur mustard analogue 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide. Toxicology 2009, 257(3), 105-112.
• Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. Cutaneous metabolism. In: Roberts, MS; Walters, KE, ed. Dermal absorption and toxicity assessment. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2008, pp.89-115.
• Traynor MJ, Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. Metabolism of butoxyethanol in excised human skin in vitro. Toxicology Letters 2008, 177(3), 151-155.
• Williams FM. Potential for metabolism locally in the skin of dermally absorbed compounds. Human & Experimental Toxicology 2008, 27(4), 277-280.
• Jiang Z, Mutch E, Blain PG, Williams FM. A possible mechanism for the neurotoxicity of trichloroethylene to man. In: Toxicology. 2007, University of Surrey: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Kruse J, Golden D, Wilkinson S, Williams F, Kezic S, Corish J. Analysis, interpretation, and extrapolation of dermal permeation data using diffusion-based mathematical models. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2007, 96(3), 682-703.
• Wilkinson SC, Willims FM. Cutaneous metabolism. In: Roberts, MS; Walters, KA, ed. Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2007, pp.89-116.
• Benhusein G, Mutch E, Williams FM. Effect of arsenic on DNA damage, glutathione content, apoptosis and necrosis in HaCat cells. Toxicology 2007, 231(2-3), 116-117.
• Jewell C, Prusakiewicz JJ, Ackermann C, Payne NA, Fate G, Voorman R, Williams FM. Hydrolysis of a series of parabens by skin microsomes and cytosol from human and minipigs and in whole skin in short-term culture. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2007, 225(2), 221-228.
• Aust GF, Wilkinson S, Dunn M, Glass R, Williams FM. Influence of formulation on the dermal absorption of pesticide actives at spray dilution concentrations. Toxicology 2007, 231(2-3), 112-113.
• Jewell C, Bennett P, Mutch E, Ackermann C, Williams FM. Inter-individual variability in esterases in human liver. Biochemical Pharmacology 2007, 74(6), 932-939.
• Jewell C, Ackermann C, Payne NA, Fate G, Voorman R, Williams FM. Specificity of procaine and ester hydrolysis by human, minipig, and rat skin and liver. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2007, 35(11), 2015-2022.
• Jewell C, Prusakiewicz JJ, Ackermann C, Payne NA, Fate G, Williams FM. The distribution of esterases in the skin of the minipig. Toxicology Letters 2007, 173(2), 118-123.
• Traynor MJ, Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. The influence of water mixtures on the dermal absorption of glycol ethers. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2007, 218(2), 128-134.
• Traynor MJ, Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. The influence of water mixtures on the dermal absorption of glycol ethers (vol 218, pg 128, 2007). Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2007, 221(1), 129-129.
• Mutch E, Daly AK, Williams FM. The Relationship between PON1 Phenotype and PON1-192 Genotype in Detoxification of Three Oxons by Human Liver. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 2007, 35(2), 315-320.
• Mutch E, Nave R, McCracken N, Zech K, Williams FM. The role of esterases in the metabolism of ciclesonide to desisobutyryl-ciclesonide in human tissue. Biochemical Pharmacology 2007, 73(10), 1657-1664.
• Wakefield JC, Pendlington RU, Lockley DJ, Williams FM. Dermal absorption of caffeine and testosterone through SLS-treated human skin in vitro. In: Drug Metabolism Reviews: 9th European Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (ISSX). 2006, Manchester, UK: Informa Healthcare.
• Mutch E, Williams FM. Diazinon, chlorpyrifos and parathion are metabolised by multiple cytochromes P450 in human liver. Toxicology 2006, 224(1-2), 22-32.
• Williams FM. In vitro studies - How good are they at replacing in vivo studies for measurement of skin absorption?. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2006, 21(2), 199-203.
• Wilkinson SC, Maas WJM, Nielsen JB, Greaves LC, van de Sandt JJM, Williams FM. Interactions of skin thickness and physicochemical properties of test compounds in percutaneous penetration studies. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2006, 79(5), 405-413.
• Lockley DJ, Howes D, Williams FM. Cutaneous metabolism of glycol ethers. Archives of Toxicology 2005, 79(3), 160-168.
• Chilcott RP, Barai N, Beezer AE, Brain SI, Brown MB, Bunce AL, Burgess SE, Cross S, Dalton CH, Dias M, Farinha A, Finnin BC, Gallacher SJ, Green DM, Gunt H, Gwyther RL, Heard CM, Jarvis CA, Kamiyama F, Kasting GB, Ley EE, Lim ST, McNaughton GS, Morris A, Nazemi MH, Pellett MA, Du Plessis J, Quan YS, Rachavan SL, Roberts M, Romonchuk W, Roper CS, Schenk D, Simonsen L, Simpson A, Traversa BD, Trottet L, Watkinson A, Wilkinson SC, Williams FM, Yamamoto A, Hadcraft J. Inter- and intralaboratory variation of in vitro diffusion cell measurements: An international multicenter study using quasi-standardized methods and materials. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2005, 94(3), 632-638.
• Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. Percutaneous penetration of pyridine and some methylpyridines in vitro. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2005, (in preparation). In Preparation.
• Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. The relationship between in vivo dermal penetration studies in humans and in vitro predictions using human skin. In: Bronaugh, R.L., Maibach, H.I, ed. Percutaneous Absorption: Drugs, Cosmetics, Mechanisms, Methods. New York: Taylor and Francis, 2005, pp.561-574.
• Gage VR, Blain PG, Leathart JBS, Daly AK, Williams FM. Association of DNA damage to human peripheral lymphocytes with age and MnSOD and OGG1 genotype. In: Annual Congress of the British Toxicology Society. 2004, Edinburgh, Scotland: Toxicology: Elsevier.
• Jones AD, Dick IP, Cherrie JW, Cronin MTD, van de Sandt JJM, Esdaile DJ, Iyengar S, ten Berge W, Wilkinson SC, Roper CS, Semple S, de Heer C, Williams F. CEFIC Workshop on methods to determine permeation for human risk assessment. Institute for Occupational Medicine: IOM, 2004. TM0407.
• Williams FM. EDETOX. Evaluations and predictions of dermal absorption of toxic chemicals. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2004, 77(2), 150-151.
• Williams FM. Evaluations and predictions of dermal absorption of toxic chemicals. In: Toxicology: BTS 2004 Annual Congress. 2004, Edinburgh, UK: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• van de Sandt JJM, van Burgsteden JA, Cage S, Carmichael PL, Dick I, Kenyon S, Korinth G, Larese F, Limasset JC, Maas WJM, Montomoli L, Nielsen JB, Payan J-P, Robinson E, Sartorelli P, Schaller KH, Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. In vitro predictions of skin absorption of caffeine, testosterone, and benzoic acid: A multi-centre comparison study. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2004, 39(3), 271-281.
• Lockley DJ, Howes D, Williams FM. Percutaneous penetration and metabolism of 2-butoxyethanol. Archives of Toxicology 2004, 78(11), 617-628.
• Davis EL, Gage VR, Morgan D, Daly AK, Williams FM. The contribution of genotype to DNA damage in lymphocytes from healthy volunteers. In: BTS 2004 Annual Congress. 2004, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh: Toxicology: Elsevier.
• King BP, Leathart JBS, Mutch E, Williams FM, Daly AK. CYP3A5 phenotype-genotype correlations in a British population. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 2003, 55(6), 625-629.
• Mutch E, Daly AK, Leathart JBS, Blain PG, Williams FM. Do multiple cytochrome P450 isoforms contribute to parathion metabolism in man?. Archives of Toxicology 2003, 77(6), 313-320.
• Bahadur N, Leathart JBS, Mutch E, Steimel-Crespi D, Dunn SA, Gilissen R, Houdt JV, Hendrickx J, Mannens G, Bohets H, Williams FM, Armstrong M, Crespi CL, Daly AK. CYP2C8 polymorphisms in Caucasians and their relationship with paclitaxel 6α-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes. Biochemical Pharmacology 2002, 64(11), 1579-1589.
• Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. Effects of experimental conditions on absorption of glycol ethers through human skin in vitro. International Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 2002, 75(8), 519-527.
• Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. Effects of experimental conditions on absorption of glycol ethers through human skin in vitro. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 2002, 75(8), 519-527.
• Greaves LC, Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. Factors affecting percutaneous absorption of caffeine in vitro. Toxicology 2002, 178(1), 65-66.
• Lee FW, Minter H, Pease CKS, Williams FM. Influence of the skin reservoir on absorption of testosterone through rat skin in vitro and in vivo. Toxicology 2002, 178(1), 40-41.
• Lockley DJ, Howes D, Williams FM. Percutaneous penetration and metabolism of 2-ethoxyethanol. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2002, 180(2), 74-82.
• Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. Dermal absorption of pyridine and some methyl pyridines in vitro. In: British Toxicology Society Annual Congress. 2001, Keele University: Elsevier.
• Saati AA, de Blaquiere GE, Mutch E, Williams FM. Effects of multiple doses of diazinon on blood and brain esterases in the mouse. In: British Toxicology Society Annual Congress. 2001, Keele University, UK: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Wilkinson SC, Williams FM. In vitro dermal absorption of liquids. HSE: HSE, 2001. CRR350/2001.
• Lee FW, Earl L, Williams FM. Interindividual variability in the percutaneous penetration of testosterone through human skin in vitro. In: British Toxicology Society Annual Congress. 2001, Keele University, UK: Keele University/Elseiver.
• Dyer SM, Cattani M, Pisaniello DL, Williams FM, Edwards JW. Peripheral cholinesterase inhibition by occupational chlorpyrifos exposure in Australian termiticide applicators. Toxicology 2001, 169(3), 177-185.
• Davis EL, Daly AK, Williams FM. Quantitation of in vitro DNA damage using the comet assay. In: British Toxicology Society Annual Congress. 2001, Keele University, UK: Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
• Hatjian BA, Mutch E, Williams FM, Blain PG, Edwards JW. Cytogenetic response without changes in peripheral cholinesterase enzymes following exposure to a sheep dip containing diazinon in vivo and in vitro. Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2000, 472(1-2), 85-92.
• De Blaquiere GE, Waters L, Blain PG, Williams FM. Electrophysiological and biochemical effects of single and multiple doses of the organophosphate diazinon in the mouse. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2000, 166(2), 81-91.
• Jewell C, Heylings JR, Clowes HM, Williams FM. Percutaneous absorption and metabolism of dinitrochlorobenzene in vitro. Archives of Toxicology 2000, 74(7), 356-365.
• Jewell C, Heylings J, Clowes HM, Williams FM. Percutaneous absorption and metabolism of dinitrochlorobenzene in vitro. Archives of Toxicology 2000, 74(7), 356-365.
• Moss T, Howes D, Williams FM. Percutaneous penetration and dermal metabolism of triclosan (2,4,4'- trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether). Food and Chemical Toxicology 2000, 38(4), 361-370.
• Sartorelli P, Andersen HR, Angerer J, Corish J, Drexler H, Goen T, Griffin P, Hotchkiss SAM, Larese F, Montomoli L, Perkins J, Schmelz M, Van De Sandt J, Williams F. Percutaneous penetration studies for risk assessment. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2000, 8(2), 133-152.
• Mutch E, Blain PG, Williams FM. The role of metabolism in determining susceptibility to parathion toxicity in man. In: International Symposium on Health Aspects of Environmental and Occupational Pesticide Exposure. 1999, Düsseldorf, Germany: Elsevier.
• C. S. Roper, D. Howes, P. G. Blain and F. M. Williams. A comparison of the absorption of a series of ethoxylates through rat skin in vitro. Toxicology in Vitro 1998, 12, 57-65.
• Roper, C.S., Howes, D., Blain, P.G. and Williams, Faith M. A comparison of the absorption of a series of ethoxylates through rat skin in vitro. Toxicology In vitro 1998, 12, 57-65.
• G. E. de Blaquiere, F. M. Williams, P. G. Blain and S. S. Kelly. A comparison of the electrophysiological effects of two organophosphates, mipafox and ecothiopate, on mouse limb muscles. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1998, 150, 350-360.
• Dick, I.P., Blain, P.G. and Williams, Faith M. Development of structure-activity relationships useful to risk assessment utilising human skin in in vitro systems. Perspectives of Percutaneous Penetration STS Publishing, Cardiff Ed Brain, James and Waters 1998, 5b, 76-79.
• Williams, Faith M. The role of skin metabolism in percutaneous absorption. Perspectives of Percutaneous Penetration STS Publishing, Cardiff Ed Brain, James and Waters 1998, 5b, 41-44.
• Lockley, David J., Roper, Clive S. and Williams, Faith M. Use of in vitro systems with viable skin to investigate dermal exposure to glycol ethers. Perspectives of Percutaneous Penetration STS Publishing, Cardiff Ed Brain, James and Waters 1998, 5b, 117-120.
• Dick, I.P., Blain, P.G. and Williams, Faith M. Useful of animal models in predicting human skin permeability for a series of chemicals of different liphilicities. Perspectives of Percutaneous Penetration STS Publishing, Cardiff Ed Brain, James and Waters 1998, 5b, 73-75.
• S. J. Crosbie, P. G. Blain and F. M. Williams. An investigation into the role of rat skeletal muscle as a site for xenobiotic metabolism using microsomes and isolated cells. Human & Experimental Toxicology 1997, 16, 138-145.
• Crosbie, S.J., Blain, P.G. and Williams, F.M. An investigation into the role of rat skeletal muscle as a site for xenobiotic metabolism using microsomes and isolated cells. Human and Experimental Toxicology 1997, 16, 138-145.
• D. Mantle, M. A. Saleem, F. M. Williams, R. M. Wilkins and A. R. Shakoori. Effect of pirimiphos-methyl on proteolytic enzyme activities in rat heart, kidney, brain and liver tissues in vivo. Clinica Chimica Acta 1997, 262, 89-97.
• S. S. Kelly, G. E. deBlaquiere, F. M. Williams and P. G. Blain. Effects of multiple doses organophosphates an evoked potentials in mouse diaphragm. Human & Experimental Toxicology 1997, 16, 72-78.
• S. J. Crosbie, P. G. Blain and F. M. Williams. Metabolism of n-hexane by rat liver and extrahepatic tissues and the effect of cytochrome P-450 inducers. Human & Experimental Toxicology 1997, 16, 131-137.
• C. S. Roper, D. Howes, P. G. Blain and F. M. Williams. Percutaneous penetration of 2-phenoxyethanol through rat and human skin. Food and Chemical Toxicology 1997, 35, 1009-1016.
• M. R. Azari, F. M. Williams, P. G. Blain and J. W. Edwards. Potential biomarkers of exposure and effect among glass craftsmen and braziers exposed to nitrogen oxides. Biomarkers 1997, 2, 349-354.
• Hatjian B.A., Edwards J.W., Harrison J., Williams F.M. and Blain P.G. Risk assessment of occupational exposure to bitumen fumes in the road paving and roofing industries. Journal of Occupational Health and Safety - Australia and New Zealand 1997, 13, 65-78.
• F. M. Williams, C. Charlton, G. E. deBlaquiere, E. Mutch, S. S. Kelly and P. G. Blain. The effects of multiple low doses of organophosphates on target enzymes in brain and diaphragm in the mouse. Human & Experimental Toxicology 1997, 16, 67-71.
• I. P. Dick, P. G. Blain and F. M. Williams. The percutaneous absorption and skin distribution of lindane in man. I. In vivo studies. Human & Experimental Toxicology 1997, 16, 645-651.