Staff Profile

Francisco J. Areal

Email: Francisco.Areal-Borrego@newcastle.ac.uk

Telephone: 44 (0) 1912085272 

Address:
Centre for Rural Economy, Agriculture building, Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE1 7RU, United Kingdom

 

Francisco Areal is an economist with over 19 years research experience. He is a Senior Lecturer in Agricultural Economics at the Centre for Rural Economy, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences. Francisco joined the Centre for Rural Economy at the School of Natural and Environmental Sciences in April 2019.

Previously Francisco worked as Associate Professor and Lecturer in Environmental Economics at the University of Reading 2011-2019. Before he worked at the Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies in Seville, Spain and at the Central Science Laboratory in York (currently known as the Food and Environment Research Agency –FERA-).

Francisco's research focuses on the interaction between agriculture, the environment, economics and society by developing and applying statistical and econometric methods to answer questions of policy relevance for agriculture and the environment. Francisco is currently working on developing farm sustainability indicators; developing econometric methods to account for social connectivity (e.g. interdependence of individuals’ preferences) and unobserved heterogeneity in consumer's and producer's choices.

Francisco has recently led as Principal Investigator a project on achieving sustainable intensification using remote sensing in China funded by Agri-Tech in China Newton Network.

Francisco is leading a WP analysing consumer preferences at UK scale, as part of SUS-Health, a UKRI awarded collaboration between Newcastle University and Queen's University Belfast, that aims to increase sustainability and healthiness of food in UK food consumption led by Prof. Lynn Frewer.

Francisco has also worked on a wide number of nationally and internationally funded projects including FP6-SIGMEA, FP6 CO-extra, Defra's funded Sustainable Intensification Platform, and Innovative UK funded Knowledge Transfer Partnership with Aramajaro, amongst others. Recently, Francisco has worked on a EU funded project, SOILCARE, leading a WP on social aspects influencing the adoption of soil-improving innovations. In this project, Francisco analysed the individual's willingness to pay for soil quality improvement. 

 

Publications

Author/co-author of over 70 publications including 52 international journal articles (22 as lead or corresponding author), 20 book chapters and reports with >80 co-authors from 22 countries (averaging a rate of 5 publications per year since 2018)

Google Scholar H-index: 21 based on >1,600 citations

Google Scholar i10-index: 32

Google Scholar link

Scopus link

Academic roles and positions

Invited expert at the OECD - Francisco regularly participates as invited expert for the OECD network on farm level analysis of productivity

Expert reviewer - ESF College of expert reviewers - European Science Foundation since 2017

Research project assessor - Francisco has advised research funding agencies such as ESRC.

Visiting Research Fellow - Francisco is Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, UK

External Examiner - In 2020, Francisco has been appointed as External examiner for the BSc (Hons) Environment, Food and Society at the Royal Agricultural University. Since 2021 Francisco acts as external examiner for the FdSc British Wildlife Conservation; Foundation Degree in Environmental Conservation and Heritage Management; BSc (Top-up) Countryside Management; BSc (Hons) Wildlife and Countryside Management at the Royal Agricultural University.

Guest Associate Editor - Francisco acted as Guest Associate Editor of Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems - Land, livelihoods and Food Security on the research topic "Special Dependency, spillovers and farm efficiency"

Guest Editor - Francisco acted as Guest Editor of the special issue of Sustainability on "Sustainability of farming in future: Developing of sustainable intensification". 

Guest Editor - Francisco acted as Guest Editor of the special issue of Resources on "Sustainable indicators for environmental management"

Memberships

2003-present Member of the Agricultural Economics Society

2013-present Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (HEA) 

2014-present Member of the Eurochoices Advisory Board

2015-present Member of the Editorial Staff Committee "Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales"

2017-present Member of the "ESF College of Expert Reviewers" - European Science Foundation

2013-2017 Member of the Executive Committee of the UK Agricultural Economics Society

2011-2014 Member of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists 

 

Student supervision

Francisco has acted as PhD examiner of 10 PhD candidates. 

Francisco has co-supervised to completion 5 PhD students, supervised students 20 MSc students and 48 undergraduate students. Francisco is currently co-supervising 3 PhD students.

 

Education

PhD Agriculture and Food Economics, University of Reading, UK

MSc Environmental Economics and Environmental Management, University of York, UK

BSc Economics, University of Vigo, Spain 

Over the past 18 years, Francisco has conducted interdisciplinary research in environmental, development and agricultural economics in both developing and developed countries. Most of Francisco's research can be encapsulated within the sustainable production and consumption theme. Under this sustainable production and consumption them Francisco has conducted research on spatial econometrics, sustainability indicators, adoption and evaluation of innovations; efficiency analysis and productivity; and environmental economics and non-market valuation (e.g. green energy) but Francisco’s interests also covers other research areas such as price spikes in commodity markets and the analysis voting choices (e.g. the role of personal traits into the Brexit referendum outcome).  

 

Spatial econometrics

Francisco has developed and applied spatial analytical methods in different research areas.

 

Technical efficiency

Francisco has developed new approaches to account for spatial unobserved heterogeneity into efficiency analysis and continues to work into developing ways to account for individual's social interdependence in efficiency analysis and other areas of research.

 

Farm abandonment

Francisco has worked on understanding Spanish farmers’ views on the future of olive farming incorporating spatial econometrics to provide propositions on what elements should be taking into account when designing agricultural policies aiming at guaranteeing the sustainability of olive farming in future.

 

Individual time and risk preferences

Francisco is currently working on accounting for unobserved spatial heterogeneity in individual’s inter-temporal decisions and risk attitudes.

 

 

Sustainability indicators

Francisco has developed analytical methods to incorporate environmental outputs (e.g. ecosystem services) and spatial aspects into technical efficiency analysis to obtain novel sustainability indicators. In this regard, Francisco has worked on developing sustainable intensification indicators derived from farm efficiency analysis. He has worked in this area supported by Defra’s Sustainable Intensification Platform and Rural Business Research funding. Recently, Francisco obtained funded from Agri-Tech in the China: Newton Network and led work on incorporating satellite derived environmental impact indicators into efficiency analysis to develop SI metrics though leading a project. 

 

Environmental Economics and non-market valuation

Francisco has worked in different projects dealing with analysing the interlinkages between the different economic and ecological systems.

One of the first projects Francisco was heavily involved was a project to analyse the effects of international trade of cut flowers to the introduction of invasive species in the UK. Soon followed a cost-benefit analysis for a native oyster restoration program in the UK as part of a collaborative project with CEFAS funded by Defra.

Later Francisco led a seedcorn project (Defra funded) on analysing the impacts of the American mink (Mustela vison) on marketable native species: Salmon (Salmo salar) reared in fish farms using ecological-economic modelling.

Francisco started working in non-market valuation in 2005, estimating the economic value of trees susceptible to a quarantine disease (e.g. Sudden Oak Death). More recently, Francisco has supervised several MSc and PhD students to apply non-market valuation methods to estimate the value to society of green energy produced by an offshore wind farm in Greece. This work also identified drivers behind people's willingness to pay for this type of green energy. Recently Francisco has collaborated with Caroline Harkness to investigate the economic value to consumers of low acrylamide content in baby food and with Bernardo Martinez-Ribaya to evaluate the potential product differentiation between a genetically modified and conventional soya-based product in Argentina. Francisco has also co-supervised work on investigating individual’s preferences for mitigation of the negative impacts of the oil and gas industry in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Currently, Francisco is working on a couple of projects valuing soil quality improvement and reducing plastic pollution.

 

Adoption and evaluation of innovations

Francisco has conducted research to understanding the adoption of agricultural practices by small holding farmers. In this regard, Francisco has led economic analysis of an Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF) funded project on measuring the impacts of an edutainment TV programme, Shamba Shape Up, on the adoption of innovation systems by smallholder farmers in Kenya and social benefits.

Francisco has work on evaluating economic and environmental performance of GM crops as well as associated policies. In this area Francisco has recently worked on developing ways to incorporate probability functions into composite indicators. This has been applied to calculating the probability of environmental impact of GM crops vs conventional crops.

He has also worked on examining the effect of coexistence measures to avoid cross-fertilisation between GM and conventional crops on GM crop adoption in the EU as well as analysing the distances needed to limit cross fertilisation between GM and non-GM maize in Europe.

Recently, he has conducted consultancy work for Fundación ANTAMA on the role of genetically modified soy as a raw material in the EU. A number of alternatives to the use of genetically modified soy were assessed to analyse the economic impact to the Spanish fodder industry and livestock farming sector of a potential EU ban on the imports. The report can be found here. More recently, he has conducted a second report for Fundación ANTAMA on the "Benefits of Bt maize in Spain (1998-2015). Benefits from an economic, social and environmental viewpoint.". This second report can be accessed here. Recently, Francisco has led a third report for Fundación ANTAMA on "Sustainability of Bt maize in Spain (1998-2021): An economic, social and environmental analysis", which can be accessed here.

 

Francisco has also worked on:

Investigating the links between individual's voting choices on the 2016 Brexit referendum and individual's personality traits along with individual's cooperative behaviour, their level of tryst in the UK and the European Council and socio-demographics

Investigating the relationships between remote sensing and real crop (ground data) in order to create a predictive system for crop production potential. In this research Francisco worked as Knowledge Base Supervisor of a Knowledge Transfer Partnership project -collaboration between Armajaro and the University of Reading-.  

Developing a land use model of the 2003 CAP reform 

2022-2025 Sus-Health - UKRI (Co-I, WP lead)

2021  Sustainability of Bt maize in Spain (1998-2020): An economic, social and environmental analysis – ANTAMA (PI consultancy)

2020-21 SOILCARE – EU Horizon 2020 (Co-I, WP lead)

2020  Farm efficiency and eco-efficiency of rice farms from the Luzon survey (1966-2016) - IRRI (PI consultancy)

2018-19 Achieving Sustainable Intensification using Remote Sensing: Evidence from STB and Yangxin County, Shandong Province -  Agri-Tech in China: Newton Network , Small Projects Awards (PI)

2016-18 Knowledge Transfer Partnership - Armajaro Asset Management LLP and University of Reading (Knowledge Base Supervisor)

2015 Genetically modified soya: Evaluating alternatives and economic impact for the feed industry and livestock sector in Spain -ANTAMA (PI consultancy)

2014-2016 Sustainable Intensification Platform – Defra (CI)

2013-2014 Assessing the Impacts of Shamba Shape Up – Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF) (CI)

2013-2014 Incorporating environmental indicators into technical efficiency analysis of FBS data - UK Rural Business Research (CI)

2013 An evidence-based review on the likely economic and environmental

impact of genetically modified cereals and oilseeds for UK agriculture – HGCA (CI)

2006-2009 ESRC/DEFRA PhD studentship (PI)

2006  A management decision tool for mink, DEFRA (PI)

2004-2006 Sustainable Introduction of Genetically Modified Crops into European Agriculture (SIGMEA), DEFRA/EC (CI)

2005-2009 GM and non-GM supply chains: their co-existence and traceability (CO-EXTRA), DEFRA/EC (CI)

2004-2005 A feasibility study of native oyster (Ostrea edulis) stock regeneration in the United Kingdom, DEFRA (CI)

2004-2005 Assessment of regional impacts of CAP reform in Yorkshire and Humberside, Yorkshire Forward (CI)

2004-2005 CAP reform and associated regulations: Development of a model to characterise impacts at farm, region and national level, DEFRA (CI)

2004-2005 Trade and environment: Integrating economic and environmental drivers for the sustainable export of cut flowers to the UK from East Africa, DEFRA (CI)

2003-2004 Measuring the value of tree species at risk from Phytophthora ramorum using contingent valuation: a pilot study, DEFRA (CI)

 

PhD supervision

Francisco is currently co-supervising 3 PhD students at Newcastle:

Cynthia Olumba (with Prof. Guy Garrod)

Ransford Karbo (with Prof. Lynn Frewer)

Alec Jacobs (with Prof. Guy Garrod)

 

Francisco has supervised 5 PhD students to completion:

Caroline Harkness (with Dr. Jake Bishop -University of Reading, Dr, Mikhail Semenov and Dr. Ian Shield - Rothamsted Research) - Optimising agriculture for a changing climate: which farming practices confer stability of food production and farm income? - University of Reading, UK

Samal Kaliyeva (with Dr. Yiorgos Gadanakis - University of Reading) - Evaluating policies aiming at improving milk production in Kazakshtan - University of Reading, UK

Omotuyole Ambali (with Prof. Nikos Georgantzis) - Risk and time preferences and spatial dependence in Improved Rice Technology Adoption Decisions: Evidence from Nigeria - University of Reading, UK

Rui Catarino (with Prof. Julian Park and Dr. Graziano Ceddia) - Modelling the effect of Bt maize introduction on pest dynamics, insecticide use and economic returns to farmers - University of Reading, UK

Inbehe Upkong (with Prof. Kelvin Balcombe) - Valuing the Environmental and Livelihood Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industry: A choice experiment on the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria - University of Reading, UK

Modules 

ACE1040 - Academic and Professional Skills

ACE2006 - Agriculture Economics and Policy (Module leader)

ACE2012 - Consumer and Business Economics (Module leader)

ACE3078 - Data and Marketing Analytics (Module leader)

 

 

Francisco's approach to teaching

Francisco's approach to teaching is to promote and incorporate applied learning into modules. Francisco's modules combine economic theory and application so students have the opportunity to gain an understanding of the topic but also learn hot to use state of the art economic and statistical techniques using data and  programming tools (e.g. using R). Francisco's assessments are designed in a way that students have the  opportunity to learn how to apply these economic, statistical and programming tools into real situations.

 

Francisco has been conducting teaching activities for 15 years (since 2007) and has taught a variety of subjects within economics at UG and PG levels including

2011-2019 Resource and Environmental Economics (MSc, Module convenor, University of Reading)

2011-2019 Policy Analysis (MSc, Module convenor, University of Reading)

2011-2017 Individual Project (3rd year UG, Module convenor, University of Reading)

2007-2009 Economics for Managers (1st year UG, seasonal lecturer, University of Reading)

2007-2009 Introductory Microeconomics (1st year UG, seasonal lecturer, University of Reading)

2007-2009 Introductory Macroeconomics (1st year UG, seasonal lecturer, University of Reading)

2007-2009 Introductory Microeconomics (1st year UG, seasonal lecturer, University of Reading)

2007-2008 Quantitative techniques (1st year UG, seasonal lecturer, University of Reading)

In addition Francisco's has been invited to deliver a module on Econometrics and Time Series to MSc students at the Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Greece (2016/17 and 2018/19). 

• Harkness C, Areal FJ, Semenov MA, Senapati N, Shield IF, Bishop J. Towards stability of food production and farm income in a variable climate. Ecological Economics 2023, 204(Part A), 107676.
• Karbo RTV, Frewer LJ, Areal F, Yu E. Using renewable energy to meet the energy needs of smallholder farmers. Are their policies to promote adoption in Ghama?. Ghanian Journal of Agricultural Science 2022, 57(1), 15-29.
• Areal FJ, Yu W, Tansey K, Liu J. Measuring Sustainable Intensification Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data. Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1832.
• Areal FJ, Pede VO. Editorial: Spatial Dependency, Spillovers, and Farm Efficiency. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2022, 6, 850806.
• Hessel R, Wyseure G, Panagea I, Alaoui A, Reed MS, van Delden H, Muro M, Mills J, Oenema O, Areal FJ, Van Den Elsen E, Verzandvoort S, Assinck F, Elsen A, Lipiec J, Koutroulis A, OSullivan L, Bolinder MA, Fleskens L, Kandeler E, Montanarella L, Heinen M, Toth Z, Hallama M, Cuevas J, Baartman JEM, Piccoli I, Dalgaard T, Stolte J, Black JE, Chivers CA. Soil-improving cropping systems for sustainable and profitable farming in Europe. Land 2022, 11(6), 780.
• Areal FJ, Riesgo L. Sustainability of Bt maize in Spain (1998-2021): An economic, social and environmental analysis. Madrid, Spain: Fundacion Antama, 2022.
• Areal FJ. The Role of Personality Traits, Cooperative Behaviour and Trust in Governments on the Brexit Referendum Outcome. Social Sciences 2021, 10(8), 309.
• Areal FJ, Pede VO. Modeling Spatial Interaction in Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2021, 5, 673039.
• Areal FJ, Riesgo L. EU Inspections of GM Content in Food and Feed: Are They Effective?. Agriculture 2021, 11(9), 842.
• Ambali OI, Areal FJ, Georgantzis N. Improved Rice Technology Adoption: The Role of Spatially-Dependent Risk Preference. Agriculture 2021, 11(8), 691.
• Ambali OI, Areal FJ, Georgantzis N. On spatially dependent risk preferences: The case of Nigerian farmers. Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 5943.
• Kaliyeva S, Areal FJ, Gadanakis Y. Would Kazakh Citizens Support a Milk Co-Operative System?. Agriculture 2021, 11(7), 642.
• Harkness C, Areal F, Semenov MA, Senapati N, Shield IF, Bishop J. Stability of farm income: the role of agricultural diversity and agri-environment scheme payments. Agricultural Systems 2021, 187, 103009.
• Panzone L, Ulph A, Areal F, Grippo V. A ridge regression approach to estimate the relationship between landfill taxation and waste collection and disposal in England. Waste Management 2021, 129, 95-110.
• Hansda R, Areal F, Reed M, Study Partners. Report describing final stakeholder workshops held in study sites, detailing stakeholder feedback on preliminary findings. 2021. In Preparation.
• Rust N, Iversen S, Vella S, Hansda R, Reed M, Areal F. Social factors influencing adoption. SoilCare project and Partners, 2021.
• Areal FJ, Clarkson G, Garforth C, Barahona C, Dove M, Dorward P. Does TV edutainment lead to farmers changing their agricultural practices aiming at increasing productivity?. Journal of Rural Studies 2020, 76, 213-229.
• Harkness C, Semenov MA, Areal F, Senapati N, Trnka M, Balek J, Bishop J. Adverse weather conditions for UK wheat production under climate change. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2020, 282-283, 107862.
• Kaliyeva S, Areal FJ, Gadanakis Y. Attitudes of Kazakh Rural Households towards Joining and Creating Cooperatives. Agriculture 2020, 10(11), 568.
• Okoror OT, Areal F. The effect of sustainable farming practices and soil factors on the technical efficiency of maize farmers in Kenya . Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences 2020, 41(3), 641-646.
• Phillipson J, Gorton M, Turner R, Shucksmith M, Aitken-McDermott K, Areal F, Cowie P, Hubbard C, Maioli S, McAreavey R, Souza-Monteiro D, Newbery R, Panzone L, Rowe F, Shortall S. The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Implications for Rural Economies. Sustainability 2020, 12(10), 3973.
• Martinez-Ribaya B, Areal FJ. Is there an opportunity for product differentiation between GM and non-GM soya-based products in Argentina?. Food Control 2019, 109, 106895.
• Ukpong IG, Balcombe KG, Fraser IM, Areal FJ. Preferences for Mitigation of the Negative Impacts of the Oil and Gas Industry in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Environmental and Resource Economics 2019, 74, 811-843.
• Catarino R, Areal F, Park J, Parisey N. Spatially explicit economic effects of non-susceptible pests' invasion on Bt maize. Agricultural Systems 2019, 175, 22-33.
• Gadanakis Y, Areal FJ. Accounting for rainfall and the length of growing season in technical efficiency analysis. Operational Research 2018, 1-26.
• Clarkson G, Garforth C, Dorward P, Mose G, Barahona C, Areal F, MacKenzie D. Can the TV makeover format of edutainment lead to widespread changes in farmer behaviour and influence innovation systems? Shamba Shape Up in Kenya. Land Use Policy 2018, 76, 338-351.
• Harkness C, Areal F. Consumer’s willingness to pay for low acrylamide content: A choice experiment. British Food Journal 2018, 120(8), 1888-1900.
• Areal FJ, Jones P, Mortimer S, Wilson P. Measuring sustainable intensification: Combining composite indicators and efficiency analysis to account for positive externalities in cereal production. Land Use Policy 2018, 75, 314-326.
• Gadanakis Y, Areal FJ. Measuring the impact of extreme weather phenomena on total factor productivity of General Cropping farms in East Anglia. International Journal of Food and Beverage Manufacturing and Business Models 2018, 3(1), 1-22.
• Ang FKG, Mortimer SR, Areal FJ, Tiffin R. On the opportunity cost of crop diversification: A Network DEA Application to UK Cereal Farms. Journal of Agricultural Economics 2018, 69(3), 794-814.
• Pede V, Areal FJ, Alphonse S, Mckinley JD. Spatial dependency and technical efficiency: An application of a Bayesian Frontier Model to irrigated and rainfed rice farmer in Bohol, Phillipines. Agricultural Economics 2018, 49(3), 301-312.
• Catarino R, Ceddia G, Areal F, Parisey N, Park J. Managing maize under pest species competition: is Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize the solution?. Ecosphere 2016, 7(6), e01340.
• Areal F, Balcombe K, Rapsomanikis G. Testing for bubbles in agriculture commodity markets. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales – Agricultural and Resource Economics 2016, 16(1), 59-79.
• Sabbatini V, Gadanakis Y, Areal F. Variation on the effects of the 2003 CAP reform and regional differences in the Italian olive oil sector. International Journal of Food and Beverage Manufacturing and Business Models 2016, 1(1), 48-60.
• Ang F, Areal F, Mortimer S, Tiffin R. Work Package 1.1B: Developing augmented efficiency and productivity measures to form a basis for integrated Sustainable Intensification metrics. London: Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs, 2016. Defra Sustainable Intensification Research Platform.
• Georgiou I, Areal FJ. Economic valuation of an offshore wind farm in Greece: The role of individual’s base-state influences and beliefs in the value formation process. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2015, 52, 717-724.
• Gadanakis Y, Bennett R, Park J, Areal FJ. Evaluating the Sustainable Intensification of arable farms Journal of Environmental Management. Journal of Environmental Management 2015, 150, 288-298.
• Gadanakis Y, Bennett R, Park J, Areal FJ. Improving productivity and water use efficiency: A case study of farms in England. Agricultural Water Management 2015, 160, 22-32.
• Areal FJ, Riesgo L. Probability functions to build composite indicators: a methodology to measure environmental impacts of genetically modified crops. Ecological Indicators 2015, 52, 498-516.
• Catarino R, Ceddia G, Areal F, Park J. The impact of secondary pests on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2015, 13(5), 601-612.
• Micha E, Areal FJ, Tranter R, Bailey A. Uptake of agri-environmental schemes in the Less-Favoured Areas of Greece: The role of corruption and farmers' responses to the financial crisis. Land Use Policy 2015, 48, 144-157.
• Areal FJ, Riesgo L. Farmers’ views on the future of olive farming in Andalusia, Spain. Land Use Policy 2014, 36, 453-553.
• Knight S, Whitmore A, Tiffin R, Ang F, Areal F, Ramsden S, Firbank L, Lee M, Sutherland B, Dicks L, Moorby J, Drummond C, Midmer A, Parker C, Preston J. Project 1: Integrated Farm Management for Improved Economic, Environmental and Social Performance (LM0201). London: Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs, 2014. Defra Sustainable Intensification Research Platform.
• Areal FJ, Riesgo L, Rodriguez-Cerezo E. Economic and agronomic impact of commercialised GM crops: A meta-analysis. Journal of Agricultural Science 2013, 151, 7-33.
• Areal FJ, Riesgo L, Rodriguez-Cerezo E. GM crops, developing countries and food security. World Agriculture 2013, 3(2).
• Marceau A, Gustafson DI, Brants IO, Leprince F, Foueillassar X, Riesgo L, Areal FJ, Slawomir S, Kraic J, Badea M. Updated empirical model of genetically-modified maize grain production practices to achieve European Union labeling thresholds. Crop Science 2013, 53(4), 1712-1721.
• Areal FJ, Riesgo L, Gomez-Barbero M, Rodriguez-Cerezo E. Consequences of a coexistence policy on the adoption of GMHT crops in the European Union. Food Policy 2012, 37(4), 401-411.
• Riesgo L, Areal FJ, Rodriguez-Cerezo E. How can specific market demand for non-GM affect the profitability of Bt maize? A case study for Spain. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2012, 10(4), 867-876.
• Areal FJ, Balcombe K, Tiffin R. Integrating spatial dependence into Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 2012, 56(4), 521-541.
• Areal FJ, Tiffin R, Balcombe K. Provision of Environmental Output within a Multi-output Distance Function Approach. Ecological Economics 2012, 78, 47-54.
• Areal FJ, Tiffin R, Balcombe K. Technical efficiency under a milk quota system. Journal of Dairy Science 2012, 95(1), 50-62.
• Areal FJ, Riesgo L, Rodriguez-Cerezo E. Attitudes of European farmers towards GM crops adoption. Plant Biotechnology Journal 2011, 9, 945-957.
• Riesgo L, Areal FJ, Sanvido O, Rodriguez-Cerezo E. Distances needed to limit cross-fertilization between GM and conventional maize in Europe. Nature Biotechnology 2010, 28, 780-782.
• Areal FJ, Roy SS. A management tool for mink (Mustela vison) control in the western isles of Scotland (UK). Design & Nature and Ecodynamics Journal 2009, 4(1), 16-31.
• Areal FJ, Touza Montero J, MacLeod A, Dehnen-Shmutz K, Perrings C, Palmieri MG, Spence NJ. Integrating drivers influencing the detection of plant pests carried in the international cut flower trade. Journal of Environmental Management 2008, 89(4), 300-307.
• Areal FJ, Ceddia MG, Pazienza P. Predicting the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy reform in England: Micro and macroeconomic aspects. Journal of Business Economics and Management. Vilnius: Technika 2007, 8(4).
• Laing I, Walker P, Areal FJ. Return of the native – Is European Oyster (Ostrea edulis) stock restoration feasible?. Aquatic Living Resources 2006, 19(3), 283-287.