Module Catalogue 2024/25

Pre Requisite Comment

Students require basic knowledge of cell and membrane structure, types of membrane transporters and basic concepts of cell signalling by cell surface and intracellular receptors.

Co Requisite Comment

N/A

Aims

This module aims to develop knowledge and understanding of two topics central to our understanding of life processes: membrane transport and cell signalling. The properties, structures and functions of key mechanisms that underlie membrane transport and cell signalling processes will be explored, particularly in relation to epithelial tissues. Consideration will be given to the impact of malfunctions in these processes leading to disease states, along with how this knowledge can be used to design drug therapies for treatment of these diseases. Practical techniques used to study these processes will also be described.

Outline Of Syllabus

The module consists of two themes.

The first theme of the module covers membrane transport, with a particular focus on transport in epithelial cells, and considers:


1. The fundamental principles that govern transport of essential solutes and water across biological membranes

2. The molecular structure of key membrane transporters that underlie these transport processes

3. The physiological role of these transport processes in cell function, including epithelial cells that perform specialized transport functions e.g. gastrointestinal tract, exocrine glands and kidney

4. How sequential membrane transport across epithelial cells underlies absorption and secretion by these organ systems

5. Tools available for studying ion transport in epithelial tissues both in vitro and in vivo

6. How disruption of membrane transport processes, such as occurs in cystic fibrosis and multi-drug resistance, may give rise to serious diseases in humans

7. Practical experience in techniques used to study ion transport


The second theme of the module covers cell signalling, and considers:

8. Important means by which mammalian cells sense and respond to their environment

9. How they communicate with each other through second messengers such as cyclic nucleotides and calcium

10. Cellular and molecular mechanisms used to interpret the signals they receive

11. Tools available for studying cell signalling

12. The role of insulin signalling pathways in health and disease

13. How dysfunction in cell signalling processes underlies many important human diseases

For both parts of the module there will be a strong emphasis on relating the knowledge gained from understanding these life processes to the development of new pharmacological and cell-based treatments for important human diseases.

Intended Knowledge Outcomes

On completion of the module students will be able to:

1. Describe the major forces regulating solute and water movement across cell membranes, how these processes can be distinguished from one another, and how they interact to affect the distribution of ions, unchanged solutes and water across cell membranes.

2. Describe the structural features of epithelial tissue and discuss the importance of cell polarity in relation to vectorial solute and water transport.

3. Classify membrane transport processes and distinguish between them.

4. Apply simple mathematical relationships to the study of ion transport phenomena.

5. Discuss the relationship between the structure and function of membrane proteins that are involved in transport processes (e.g. channels, carriers and pumps).

6. Describe how the regulation of epithelial transport activity is achieved.

7. Discuss the molecular basis of cystic fibrosis and multidrug resistance.

8. Compare and contrast the structure of three classes of cell-surface receptors (G-protein linked, ligand-gated and tyrosine kinase) and describe the basic signal transduction mechanisms employed by each of these classes of receptor.

9. Describe the major components of the cAMP signalling system and explain the role of microdomains and effector proteins in orchestrating physiological responses to changes in this second messenger.

10. Describe the mechanisms involved in spatial and temporal regulation of intracellular Ca2+ signalling and explain how complex intracellular Ca2+ signals are decoded by the cellular machinery into a physiological response

11. Discuss how dysregulation in calcium signalling gives rise to disease.

12. Explain how insulin has both acute and chronic effects in the body and discuss the underlying principles and pharmacological management of diabetes.

13. Critically evaluate new strategies for treating diseases associated with malfunction of membrane transport and cell signalling processes.

Intended Skill Outcomes

On completion of the module students will be able to:

1. Synthesise and critically evaluate information relating to membrane transport and cell signalling in human cell biology.

2. Analyse, interpret and present data from laboratory work.

3. Communicate concisely and accurately in a written form.

Teaching Rationale And Relationship

Lectures impart new information regarding fundamental principles of core information and an indication of the scope of the course as a basis for guided independent study.

The seminar sessions will encourage an increased understanding of lecture material and primary literature through discussion, as well as introduce students to data analysis and interpretation.

The practical class will provide experience in recording and analysing biological data to support the core knowledge, carrying out scientific calculations, developing computer-based presentation skills.

Guided independent study includes self-directed learning, including further reading and preparation for assessments.

Assessment Rationale And Relationship

The quiz format and written examination will test the student’s knowledge and understanding of taught material and additional reading.

The practical session and report will allow students to demonstrate their capacity to perform experiments, analyse and present experimental data in a scientific manner (using appropriate computer software programs) and to draw appropriate conclusions. Work during the practical session will encourage development of verbal and written scientific communication skills.

General Notes

N/A