Staff Profile

Resilience in a fragile environment: Oases in the northern Sahara since 500 BC

I’m researching the development of water management in oases in the Sahara and investigating how this could inform future sustainability. Oases are environments created as a result of long-term, human-environment interactions but are vulnerable to human adaptability to changes (environmental, social, political). Although traditional methods of irrigation have been seen as sustainable, archaeological evidence for this is needed. I am following an interdisciplinary methodology using satellite imagery, archived data and fieldwork to map the traces of past water management features.

Monitoring heritage destruction

For an ongoing project collaborating with the University of Leicester, I established bespoke algorithms using open source data to automate the monitoring of archaeological sites. This has been tested so far in Egypt and Libya.

See my recent blog post: Dynamic World for monitoring heritage destruction using Google Earth Engine | NUSH (ncl.ac.uk)

As a specialist in geospatial data and landscape archaeology I teach classes to undergraduate and postgraduate students in techniques of digital mapping and remote sensing. I also taught these subjects as part of a series of training workshops (2017-2019) for heritage professionals based in the Middle East and North Africa. I’m committed to supporting increased uptake of remote sensing technologies for archaeologists, with a focus on using open-source data and software.  

• Articles

  • Rayne L, Brandolini F, Makovics JL, Hayes-Rich E, Levy J, Irvine H, Assi L, Bokbot Y. Detecting desertification in the ancient oases of southern Morocco. Scientific Reports 2023, 13, 19424.
  • Fenwick C, Sterry M, Mattingly D, Rayne L, Bokbot Y. A Medieval Boom in the North-west Sahara: Evolving Oasis Landscapes in the Wadi Draa, Morocco (c.700–1500 AD). Journal of Islamic Archaeology 2022, 8(2), 139-165.
  • Rayne L, Gatto MC, Abdulaati L, Al-Haddad M, Sterry M, Sheldrick N, Mattingly D. Detecting Change at Archaeological Sites in North Africa Using Open-Source Satellite Imagery. Remote Sensing 2020, 12(22), 3694.
  • Nikolaus J, Mugnai N, Rayne L, Zerbini A, Mattingly D, Walker S, Abdrbba M, Alhaddad M, Buzaian A, Emrage A. Training, Partnerships, and New Methodologies for Protecting Libya’s Cultural Heritage. Quaderni di Archeologia della Libya 2018, 21.
  • Rayne L, Donoghue D. A Remote Sensing Approach for Mapping the Development of Ancient Water Management in the Near East. Remote Sensing 2018, 10(12), 1-21.
  • Mattingly DJ, Bokbot Y, Sterry M, Cuénod A, Fenwick C, Gatto MC, Ray N, Rayne L, Janin K, Lamb A, Mugnai N. Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015. Journal of African Archaeology 2017, 15(2), 141-172.
  • Rayne L, Bradbury J, Mattingly D, Philip G, Bewley R, Wilson A. From Above and on the Ground: Geospatial Methods for Recording Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa. Geosciences 2017, 7(4), 1-31.
  • Rayne L, Sheldrick N, Nikolaus J. Endangered archaeology in Libya: recording damage and destruction. Libyan Studies 2017, 48, 23-49.
  • Rayne L. Imperial irrigated landscapes in the Balikh Valley. Water History 2015, 7, 419-440.
  • Wilkinson TJ, Rayne L, Jotheri J. Hydraulic landscapes in Mesopotamia: the role of human niche construction. Water History 2015, 7, 397-418.
  • Wilkinson TJ, Rayne L. Hydraulic landscapes and imperial power in the Near East. Water History 2010, 2, 115–144.

• Book Chapters

  • Rayne L. Islamic water management in the hinterland of Raqqa. In: Lawrence, D; Altaweel, M; Philip, G, ed. New Agendas in Remote Sensing and Landscape Archaeology in the Near East: Studies in honour of Tony J Wilkinson. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020, pp.306-320.
  • Rayne L. Early Islamic Water Management in Northern Mesopotamia. In: Kennedy, H; Bessard, F, ed. Economic integration and social change in the Islamic world system, 800-1000 CE: The Geography and Infrastructure of Trade in early Islam. Oxford University Press, 2020. In Press.
  • Wilkinson TJ, Rayne L. Hydraulic systems in the Near East. In: Selin, H, ed. Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.

• Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstract)

  • Bewley R, Wilson A, Kennedy D, Mattingly D, Banks R, Bishop M, Bradbury J, Cunliffe E, Fradley M, Jennings R, Mason R, Rayne L, Sterry M, Sheldrick N, Zerbini A. Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa: Introducing the EAMENA Project. In: CAA2015. Keep the Revolution Going: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. 2016, Siena, Italy: Archaeopress Archaeology.

• Online Publication

  • Abou-Hayid A, Choudhary K, El Beltagy A, Magdy Gabr A, Kuppuswamy C, Pope E, Rayne L, Reay D, Sakr M, Sanders D, Shoukry M, Tzachor A, Whitfield S, Zaghloul S. Achieving Food Security under Climate Change. https://uucn.ac.uk/uucn_briefings/achieving-food-security-under-climate-change/: UK Universities Climate Network, 2022. Available at: https://uucn.ac.uk/uucn_briefings/achieving-food-security-under-climate-change/.