Staff Profile

Alexander (Sascha) Romanovsky is Emeritus Professor with Newcastle University

His main research interests are system dependability, fault tolerance, safety, software architectures, exception handling, error recovery, system verification for safety, system structuring and verification of fault tolerance and safety.

He received a M.Sc. degree in Applied Mathematics from Moscow State University and a PhD degree in Computer Science from Saint Petersburg State Technical University. He was with this University from 1984 until 1996, doing research and teaching. In 1991 he worked as a visiting researcher at ABB Ltd Computer Architecture Lab Research Center, Switzerland. In 1993 he was a visiting fellow at Istituto di Elaborazione della Informazione, CNR, Pisa, Italy. In 1993-94 he was a post-doctoral fellow with the Department of Computing Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.

Since 1992 Prof Romanovsky has been involved in a number of EC and UK research projects on various aspects of system dependability engineering.

In 2004-07 Prof Romanovsky was the Coordinator of the FP6 ICT Rigorous Open Development Environment for Complex Systems Project (RODIN). In 2008-12 he was the Coordinator of the major FP7 Integrated Project on Industrial Deployment of System Engineering Methods Providing High Dependability and Productivity (DEPLOY). The DEPLOY IP, that followed RODIN, developed the Rodin tooling environment for formal stepwise design of complex dependable systems using Event-B. Rodin is now widely used by companies in Europe, China, Japan, Canada and Brazil.

Prof Romanovsky was the Principle Investigator of the EPSRC STRATA platform grant on Layers for Structuring Trustworthy Ambient Systems (2016-21).

He is now leading several projects on formal verification of railway safety supported by the UK industry. The focus of this work is to develop scalable and usable industry-strength techniques for fully automated verification of signalling and interlocking.

Prof Romanovsky is a visiting professor at the National Institute of Informatics (NII, Tokyo, Japan).

My work now mainly focuses on modelling and verification of railway systems and on deploying our research results in the railway sector - follow this on the The Formal Route Ltd. web site and on the university publication repository/Google Scholar.

The recent paper we published in 2023 in IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing summarises our work on developing and deploying in the UK railway industry the SSI SafeCap toolset for safety verification of Solid State Interlocking (this includes Westlock and Smartlock) designs:

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing. Practical Verification of Railway Signalling Programs. Jan.-Feb. 2023, pp. 695-707, vol. 20. DOI 10.1109/TDSC.2022.3141555

More information could be found here.

General research interests: 

• fault-tolerance software: system structuring, error recovery
• rigorous development of fault tolerant systems (the RODIN and DEPLOY projects)
• refinement and modelling patterns (DEPLOY, RODIN, TrAmS and TrAmS-2 projects)
• engineering of dependable mobile systems (the RODIN project)
• a middleware for building fault tolerant mobile systems (the CAMA system)
• fault tolerance of service oriented architectures and web services
• dependability-explicit and resilience-explicit computing
• the WS-Mediator architecture for dependable WS integration
• exception handling (a list of papers and reports on this topic )
• fault tolerance software architectures (including a one-day tutorial – given at WICSA 2007, ISSRE 2007 and SAFECOMP 2008)
• software diversity (DeVa, DISCS and DOTS projects)
• fault tolerance of concurrent and distributed systems; conversations, atomic actions and atomic transactions
• Coordinated Atomic Actions in the DeVa and DSoS Projects, and beyond
• dependability of systems employing legacy code and of complex systems of systems (the DOTS and DSoS projects)
• dependability in the component-based system development and protective wrapping (the DOTS project)
• holistic fault tolerance (the PRiME project)
• verification of railway signalling and interlocking safety

Software to download:

• WS-Mediator Elite – an architectural solution for improving dependability of WSs (developed by Yuhui Chen)
• WSsDAT - a Web Service monitoring tool (developed by Yuhui Chen)
• The CAMA middleware supporting development of ambient agent systems (developed by Alexei Iliasov)
• The Flows Plug-in for Rodin allows the addition of control flow to a machine
• The Modularisation Plug-in for Rodin provides a mechanism for constructing and proving modular developments. The Modularisation Tutorial
• The Mode/FT Views Plug-in for Rodin brings modelling of modal and fault tolerance features
• Fault analysis and modelling for systems of systems (the SysML models, developed by the EU COMPASS project
• The SafeCap toolset for modelling, analysis and verification of complex railway systems: the code on SourceFourge and a demo

Projects (recent):

• ERCIM Working group SERENE - Software Engineering for Resilient Systems
• EPSRC TrAmS-2 Platform Grant. PI
• EPSRC PRiME Programme Grant on Power-efficient, Reliable, Many-core Embedded systems (2013-2018). CoI
• FP7 COMPASS FP7 IP on Comprehensive Modelling for Advanced Systems of Systems (2011-2014). CoI.
• EPSRC SafeCap Impact Acceleration Account Project. PI
• EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account Project on Railway Data Analytics. PI
• EPSRC/RSSB SafeCap for FuTRO. PI
• EPSRCSiemens iCASE Studentship with Siemens Rail Automation on developing an advanced advisory system. PI
• EPSRC STRATA Platform Grant (2016-2021). PI
• EPSRC/Siemens iCASE Studentship with Siemens Rail Automation on modelling and verification of heterogeneous railway systems (2016-2021). PI

The SafeCap toolset for modelling, analysis and verification of complex railway systems: the full list of papers published in 2012-2020:

• Linas Laibinis, Alexei Iliasov, Alexander Romanovsky, Mutation testing for rule-based verification of railway signalling data. IEEE Transactions on Reliability. 70(2). Pp. 676-691. 2021.
• Paulius Stankaitis, Alexei Iliasov, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Yamine Aït Ameur, Fuyuki Ishikawa, Alexander Romanovsky. Formal Distributed Protocol Development for Reservation of Railway Sections. In Proc. Rigorous State-Based Methods – 7th International Conference, ABZ-2020, Ulm, Germany, 2020. Springer. LNCS-12071. Pp. 203-219
• Dominic Taylor, Alexei Iliasov, Karl King, Oliver Jarratt, Silas Benson, William Dearman. Command, control and signalling design in the digital age. IRSE. Issue 271, November 2020. Institution of Railway Signal Engineers. UK
• Paulius Stankaitis, Guillaume Dupont, Neeraj Kumar Singh, Yamine Ait-Ameur, Alexei Iliasov and Alexander Romanovsky. Modelling Hybrid Train Speed Controller using Proof and Refinement. In Proc. of 24th International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS), Guangzhou, China, 2019, pp. 107-113.
• Simon Collart Dutilleul, Thierry Lecomte, Alexander Romanovsky. Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems. Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification – Third International Conference, RSSRail 2019, Lille, France, June 4-6, 2019, Proceedings. LNCS-11495, Springer 2019, ISBN 978-3-030-18743-9
• Alexei Iliasov, Alexander Romanovsky, Linas Laibinis. Quantitative Validation of Formal Domain Models. In Proc of 19th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering, HASE 2019, Hangzhou, China, January 3-5, 2019. HASE 2019. Pp. 17-24.
• Dominic Taylor, Alexei Iliasov, Alexander Romanovsky, Karl King. Driving Efficiency & Resilience to Human Error: SafeCap Automated Verification of Signalling Data. Proc. of IRSE ASPECT 2019. Delft, The Netherlands. 22-24 October 2019.
• Paulius Stankaitis, Alexei Iliasov, Yamine Aït Ameur, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Fuyuki Ishikawa, Alexander Romanovsky. A Refinement Based Method for Developing Distributed Protocols. In Proc of 19th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering, HASE 2019, Hangzhou, China, January 3-5, 2019. HASE 2019. Pp. 90-97.
• Alexei Iliasov, Dominic Taylor, Linas Laibinis, Alexander Romanovsky. Formal Verification of Signalling Programs with SafeCap. In Proc. of International Conference SafeComp 2018, September 19-21, Vasteras, Sweden. Springer. LNCS. 2018.
• Alexei Iliasov, Alexander Romanovsky, Dominic Taylor. Automated testing of SSI data. IRSE News. February 2018. Institution of Railway Signal Engineers. UK.
• Paulius Stankaitis, Alexei Iliasov and Alexander Romanovsky. A Railway Simulation Suite For Modelling Advanced Railway Control Systems. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, Volume 1, Issue 3, pp. 558-567. 2017
• Alessandro Fantechi, Thierry Lecomte, Alexander Romanovsky. Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems. Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification – Second International Conference, RSSRail 2017, Pistoia, Italy, November 14-16, 2017, Proceedings. LNCS-10598, Springer 2017.
• Paulius Stankaitis, Alexei Iliasov. Theories, Techniques and Tools for Engineering Heterogeneous Railway Networks. In Proc. of 2nd International Conference on Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification. RSSRail 2017, LNCS-10598, pp. 241-250. Springer 2017.
• Luke J. W. Martin, Alexander Romanovsky. Stochastic Activity Networks for the Verification of Knowledge Bases. In Software Engineering for Resilient Systems – 9th International Workshop, SERENE 2017, Geneva, Switzerland, September 4-5, 2017, Proceedings. LNCS-10479, Springer 2017, pp. 37-44.
• Alexei Iliasov, Paulius Stankaitis, Alexander Romanovsky. Proving Event-B Models with Reusable Generic Lemmas. In Formal Methods and Software Engineering – 18th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2016, Tokyo, Japan, November 14-18, 2016, Proceedings. LNCS-10009, 2016, pp. 210-225.
• Luke Martin, Alexander Romanovsky. A Formal Approach to Designing Reliable Advisory Systems. In Software Engineering for Resilient Systems – 8th International Workshop, SERENE-2016, Gothenburg, Sweden, September 5-6, 2016, Proceedings. LNCS-9823, Springer. Pp. 28-42. 2016.
• Paulius Stankaitis, Alexei Iliasov and Alexander Romanovsky. A Simulation Suite for Modelling Advanced Train Control Systems. 15th International Conference COMPRAIL 2016, Madrid, Spain, 18 – 21 July 2016.
• Thierry Lecomte, Ralf Pinger, Alexander Romanovsky. Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification – First International Conference, RSSRail 2016, Paris, France, June 28-30, 2016, Proceedings. LNCS – 9707, Springer 2016.
•  Luke Martin. Predictive Reasoning and Machine Learning for the Enhancement of Reliability in Railway Systems. In Proc. of 1st International Conference on Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification. RSSRail 2016, June 28-30, Paris, France, Springer, LNCS – 9707, Pp. 178-188.
• Paulius Stankaitis, Alexei Iliasov. Safety Verification of Heterogeneous Railway Networks. In Proc. of 1st International Conference on Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification. RSSRail 2016, June 28-30, Paris, France, Springer, LNCS – 9707, Pp. 150-159.
• Alexei Iliasov, Paulius Stankaitis and David Ebo Adjepon – Yamoah. Static Verification of Railway Schema and Interlocking Design Data. In Proc. of 1st International Conference on Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification. RSSRail 2016, June 28-30, Paris, France Springer, LNCS – 9707, Pp. 123-133.
• Alexei Iliasov, Paulius Stankaitis and David Ebo Adjepon – Yamoah and Alexander Romanovsky. A Rodin plug-in for constructing reusable schematic lemmas. In Proc. of 6th Rodin User and Developer Workshop, May 23, Linz, Austria. 2016.
• Alexander Romanovsky, Alexei Iliasov. Introducing SafeCap, a safety-focused tool for optimising route capacity. IRSE NEWS. Issue 223, June 2016.
• Alexei Iliasov, Paulius Stankaitis, David Ebo Adjepon – Yamoah, Alexander Romanovsky. Rodin Platform Why3 Plug-In. In Proc. of the 5th International Conference on Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B, TLA, VDM and Z. ABZ 2016, May 23 – 27, Linz, Austria. Springer, LNCS – 9675, Pp. 275 – 281. 2016
• Alexei Iliasov, Alexander Romanovsky. Formal analysis of railway signalling data. In Proc. 17th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering, HASE 2016, January 7 – 9, 2016, Orlando, Florida, USA. IEEE CS. 2016
• Luke Martin, Alexander Romanovsky, William Blewitt. Design and development of the train advisory systems for the future. In Proc. of the 13th Conference on Railway Engineering 2015. Edinburgh. UK, June 30 – July 1, 2015.
• Alexei Iliasov, David Ebo Adjepon – Yamoah, Paulius Stankaitis, Alexander Romanovsky. Event – B and Cloud Provers. In Proc. of the Automated Reasoning Workshop 2015. Birmingham. UK, April 9 – 10, 2015.
• Alexei Iliasov, Alexander Romanovsky. SafeCap: The Train Advisory System for Real-Time Traffic Management. In Proc of the Stephenson Conference: Research for Railways. London. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. April 2015.
• Alexei Iliasov, David Adjepon-Yamoah, Paulius Stankaitis, Alexander Romanovsky. Putting Provers on the Cloud. In the 23rd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing (PDP 2015). Work in progress. March 4-6, 2015. Turku, Finland
• Alexei Iliasov, Alexander Romanovsky. Formal Modelling of Railway Safety and Capacity. In Proc of the Safety-critical Systems Symposium 2015. Bristol. BAE Systems. February 2015.
• Alexei Iliasov, Roberto Palacin, Alexander Romanovsky. Advanced Modelling, Simulation and Verification for Future Traffic Regulation Optimisation. In Proceedings: 6th International Workshop Software Engineering for Resilient Systems, SERENE-2014, Budapest, Hungary, October 15-16, 2014. Springer, LNCS- 8785, Pp. 131-138.
• Alexei Iliasov, Ilya Lopatkin, Alexander Romanovsky. Unified Train Driving Policy. In Formal Methods Applied to Complex Systems. J.-L. Boulanger (Ed). Wiley. July 2014. ISBN: 9781848217096. Pp.447-473.
• Alexei Iliasov, Ilya Lopatkin, Alexander Romanovsky. Practical Formal Methods in Railways – The SafeCap Approach. In Proceedings: 19th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Paris, France, June 23-27, 2014. LNCS. 8454, 2014.
• Alexei Iliasov, Ilya Lopatkin, Ana Mihut, Alexander Romanovsky. Real-time ATO reconfiguration for operational stability. Computers in Railways XIV: Railway Engineering Design and Optimization 135, WIT Press. June 2014. pp. 163-173
• Alexei Iliasov, Ilya Lopatkin, Alexander Romanovsky. The SafeCap Project on Railway Safety Verification and Capacity Simulation. In Software Engineering for Resilient Systems – 5th International Workshop, SERENE 2013, Kiev, Ukraine, October, 2013. Proceedings. LNCS 8166. Springer 2013.
• Alexei Iliasov, Ilya Lopatkin, Alexander Romanovsky. The SafeCap Platform for Modelling Railway Safety and Capacity. In Computer Safety, Reliability and Security – 32nd International Conference SAFECOMP 2013. Toulouse, France, September 2013. Proceedings. LNCS 8135. Springer.
• Alexei Iliasov, Ilya Lopatkin, Alexander Romanovsky. SafeCap: advanced computer science techniques for railways of tomorrow. EURAILmag. Issue 28. September. 2013.
• Roger Goodall, Roger Dixon, Sam Bemment, Taku Fujiyama, T. X. Mei, John Preston, Alexander Romanovsky, Markus Roggenbach. The Future of Train Control Systems. Technical Paper. IRSE – Institute of Railway Signal Engineers. UK. February 13, 2013.
• Alexei Iliasov, A. Romanovsky. The SafeCap toolset for improving railway capacity while ensuring its safety. In Rail Research UK Association (RRUKA) Annual Conference. November 2012. London, UK. http://rruka.org.uk/rruka-annual-conference-2012-conference-proceedings/
• Alexei Iliasov, Alexander Romanovsky. SafeCap domain language for reasoning about safety and capacity. In Workshop on Dependable Transportation Systems at the Pacific-Rim Dependable Computing Conference (PRDC 2012). Niigata, Japan. IEEE CS. November. 2012.

• Articles

  • Iliasov A, Taylor D, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A. Practical Verification of Railway Signalling Programs. IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2023, 20(1), 695-707.
  • Ait-Ameur Y, Bogomolov S, Dupont G, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Stankaitis P. A Refinement-based Formal Development of Cyber-physical Railway Signalling Systems. Formal Aspects of Computing 2023, 35(1), 3.
  • Laibinis L, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Mutation Testing for Rule-Based Verification of Railway Signaling Data. IEEE Transactions on Reliability 2021, 70(2), 676-691.
  • Stankaitis P, Iliasov A, Kobayashi T, Ait-Ameur Y, Ishikawa F, Romanovsky A. A refinement-based development of a distributed signalling system. Formal Aspects of Computing 2021, 33(6), 1009-1036.
  • Primo F, Romanovsky A, de Mello R, Garcia A, Missier P. A customisable pipeline for the semi-automateddiscovery of online activists and social campaigns onTwitter. World Wide Web: Internet and Web Information Systems 2021, 24, 1235–1271.
  • Al-hayanni MAN, Rafiev A, Xia F, Shafik R, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. PARMA: Parallelization-Aware Run-time Management for Energy-Efficient Many-Core Systems. IEEE Transactions on Computers 2020, 69(10), 1507-1518.
  • Aalsaud A, Xia F, Rafiev A, Shafik R, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Low-complexity run-time management of concurrent workloads for energy-efficient multi-core systems. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 2020, 10(3), 25.
  • Wen Z, Lin T, Yang R, Ji S, Ranjan R, Romanovsky A, Lin C, Xu J. GA-Par: Dependable Microservice Orchestration Framework for Geo-Distributed Clouds. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 2020, 31(1), 29-143.
  • Gorbenko A, Romanovsky A, Tarasyuk O, Biloborodov O. From Analyzing Operating System Vulnerabilities to Designing Multiversion Intrusion-Tolerant Architectures. IEEE Transactions on Reliability 2020, 69(1), 22-39.
  • Wen Z, Qasha R, Li Z, Ranjan R, Watson P, Romanovsky A. Dynamically Partitioning Workflow over Federated Clouds for Optimising the Monetary Cost and Handling Run-Time Failures. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing 2020, 8(4), 1093-1107.
  • Al-Hayanni MAN, Xia F, Rafiev R, Romanovsky A, Shafik R, Yakovlev A. Amdahl’s law in the context of heterogeneous many-core systems – a survey. IET Computers & Digital Techniques 2020, 14(4), 133-148.
  • Gorbenko A, Romanovsky A, Tarasyuk O. Fault tolerant internet computing: Benchmarking and modelling trade-offs between availability, latency and consistency. Journal of Network and Computer Applications 2019, 146, 102412.
  • Sousa L, de Mello R, Cedrim D, Garcia A, Missier P, Uchoa A, Oliveira A, Romanovsky A. VazaDengue: An information system for preventing and combating mosquito-borne diseases with social networks. Information Systems 2018, 75, 26-42.
  • Rafiev A, Al-Hayanni MAN, Xia F, Shafik R, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Speedup and Power Scaling Models for Heterogeneous Many-Core Systems. IEEE Transactions on Multi-Scale Computing Systems 2018, 4(3), 436-449.
  • Garraghan P, Yang R, Wen Z, Romanovsky A, Xu J, Buyya R, Ranjan R. Emergent Failures: Rethinking Cloud Reliability at Scale. IEEE Cloud Computing 2018, 5(5), 12-21.
  • Xia F, Rafiev A, Aalsaud A, Al-Hayanni M, Davis J, Levine J, Mokhov A, Romanovsky A, Shafik R, Yakovlev A, Yang S. Voltage, Throughput, Power, Reliability and Multicore Scaling. IEEE Computer Magazine 2017, 50(8), 34-45.
  • Alajrami S, Gallina B, Romanovsky A. Enabling GSD task allocation via cloud-based software processes. International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing 2017, 5(4), 221-232.
  • Wen Z, Cala J, Watson P, Romanovsky A. Cost Effective, Reliable and Secure Workflow Deployment over Federated Clouds. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 2017, 10(6), 929-941.
  • Stankaitis P, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. A Railway Simulation Suite For Modelling Advanced Railway Control Systems. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration 2017, 1(3), 558-567.
  • Romanovsky A, Iliasov A. Introducing SafeCap, a safety-focused tool for optimising route capacity. Institution of Railway Signal Engineers. IRSE NEWS 2016, (223), pp.7.
  • Mokhov A, Iliasov A, Sokolov D, Rykunov M, Yakovlev A, Romanovsky A. Synthesis of Processor Instruction Sets from High-Level ISA Specifications. IEEE Transactions on Computers 2014, 63(6), 1552-1566.
  • Gorbenko A, Romanovsky A. Time-Outing Internet Services. IEEE Security & Privacy 2013, 11(2), 68-71.
  • Iliasov A, Troubitsyna E, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A, Varpaaniemi K, Ilic D, Latvala T. Developing mode-rich satellite software by refinement in Event-B. Science of Computer Programming 2013, 78(7), 884-905.
  • Garcia A, Romanovsky A, Issarny V. Guest Editors' Introduction to the Special Section on Exception Handling: From Requirements to Software Maintenance. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 2010, 36(2), 147-149.
  • Castor F, Romanovsky A, Rubira CMF. Improving reliability of cooperative concurrent systems with exception flow analysis. Journal of Systems and Software 2009, 82(5), 874-890.
  • Capozucca A, Guelfi N, Pelliccione P, Romanovsky A, Zorzo AF. Frameworks for designing and implementing dependable systems using Coordinated Atomic Actions: A comparative study. Journal of Systems and Software 2009, 82(2), 207-228.
  • Chen Y, Romanovsky A. Improving the dependability of web services integration. IT Professional 2008, 10(3), 29-35.
  • Romanovsky A. DEPLOY: industrial deployment of advanced system engineering methods for high productivity and dependability. Software Engineering Notes 2008, 33(6), 36.
  • Lobato C, Garcia A, Romanovsky A, Lucena C. An aspect-oriented software architecture for code mobility. Software: Practice and Experience 2008, 38(13), 1365-1392.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Romanovsky A. On composing Dependable Web Services using undependable web components. International Journal of Simulation and Process Modelling 2007, 3(1-2), 45-54.
  • Jones C, Lomet D, Romanovsky A, Weikum G, Fekete A, Gaudel M-C, Korth HF, de Lemos R, Moss E, Rajwar R, Ramamritham K, Randell B, Rodrigues L. The Atomic Manifesto: a Story in Four Quarks. SIGMOD Record 2005, 34(1), 63-69.
  • Jones CB, Lomet D, Romanovsky A, Weikum G. The Atomic Manifesto: a Story in Four Quarks. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 2005, 39(2), 41-46.
  • Jones C, Lomet D, Romanovsky A, Weikum G, Fekete A, Gaudel M-C, Korth HF, De Lemos R, Moss E, Rajwar R, Ramamritham K, Randell B, Rodrigues L. The atomic manifesto. Journal of Universal Computer Science 2005, 11(5), 636-650.
  • Romanovsky A. RODIN - Rigorous Open Development Environment for Complex Systems. Software Engineering Notes 2005, 30(1), 2.
  • Anderson T, Feng M, Riddle S, Romanovsky A. Wrapping it up. Safety Systems 2003, 13(1), 8-10.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. Workshop on Software Architectures for Dependable Systems. Software Engineering Notes 2003, 28(6), 28.
  • Garcia A, Sardinha J, Lucena C, Castro J, Leite J, Milidiu R, Romanovsky A, Griss M, de Lemos R, Perini A. Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems - SELMAS 2003. Software Engineering Notes 2003, 28(6), 26.
  • de Lemos R, Romanovsky A. [Workshop Summary]ICSE 2003 Workshop on Software Architectures for Dependable Systems. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 2003, 28(6), 1-6.
  • Xu J, Randell B, Romanovsky A, Stroud RJ, Zorzo AF, Canver E, Von Henke F. Rigorous development of an embedded fault-tolerant system based on coordinated atomic actions. IEEE Transactions on Computers 2002, 51(2), 164-179.
  • Romanovsky A. On version state recovery and adjudication in class diversity. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2002, 17(3), 159-168.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. ICSE 2002 Workshop on Architecting Dependable Systems. Software Engineering Notes 2002, 27(5), 77-80.
  • Kienzle J, Romanovsky A. Framework based on design patterns for providing persistence in object-oriented programming languages. IEE Proceedings Software 2002, 149(3), 77-85.
  • Burns A, Wellings AJ, Koelmans AM, Koutny M, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. On Developing and Verifying Design Abstractions for Reliable Concurrent Programming in Ada. ACM SIGAda Ada Letters 2001, 21(1), 48-55.
  • Kienzle J, Romanovsky A. Implementing Exceptions in Open Multithreaded Transactions Based on Ada 95 Exceptions. Ada Letters 2001, 21(3), 57-63.
  • de Lemos R, Romanovsky A. Exception handling in the software lifecycle. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2001, 16(2), 119-133.
  • Romanovsky A, Sanden B. Except for Exception Handling. Ada Letters 2001, 21(3), 19-25.
  • Romanovsky A. Coordinated Atomic Actions: How to Remain ACID in the Modern World. Software Engineering Notes 2001, 26(2), 66-68.
  • Romanovsky A, Ezhilchelvan P. Conversations with fixed and potential participants. Journal of Systems Architecture 2001, 47(2), 193-196.
  • Kienzle J, Romanovsky A. Combining Tasking and Transactions, Part II: Open Multithreaded Transactions. Ada Letters 2001, 21(1), 67-74.
  • Romanovsky A, Zorzo A. A distributed coordinated atomic action scheme. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2001, 16(4), 237-247.
  • Garcia AF, Rubira CMF, Romanovsky A, Xu J. A comparative study of exception handling mechanisms for building dependable object-oriented software. Journal of Systems and Software 2001, 59(2), 197-222.
  • Romanovsky A. The domino effect as a deadlock. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2000, 15(3), 147-154.
  • Kienzle J, Romanovsky A. On persistent and reliable streaming in Ada. Lecture notes in Computer Science: Reliable Software Technologies ADA-Europe 2000 2000, 1845, 82-95.
  • Romanovsky A. Faulty version recovery in object-oriented N-version programming. IEE Proceedings: Software 2000, 147(3), 81-90.
  • Romanovsky A. Extending conventional languages by distributed/concurrent exception resolution. Journal of Systems Architecture 2000, 46(1), 79-95.
  • Romanovsky A, Wellings AJ. Editorial to Special Issue on Developing Fault-Tolerant Systems with Ada. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2000, 15(1), 3-6.
  • Romanovsky A. Diversely Designed Classes for use by Multiple Tasks. Ada Letters 2000, 20(1), 25-37.
  • Perry DE, Romanovsky A, Tripathi A. Current trends in exception handling. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 2000, 26(10), 921-922.
  • Xu J, Romanovsky A, Randell B. Concurrent exception handling and resolution in distributed object systems. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 2000, 11(10), 1019-1032.
  • Randell B, Beder DM, Romanovsky A, Snow CR, Stroud RJ. An Application of Fault Tolerance Patterns and Coordinated Atomic Actions to a Problem in Railway Scheduling. Operating Systems Review 2000, 34(4), 21-31.
  • Zorzo AF, Romanovsky A, Xu J, Randell B, Stroud RJ, Welch IS. Using coordinated atomic actions to design safety-critical systems: A production cell case study. Software - Practice and Experience 1999, 29(8), 677-697.
  • Romanovsky A. On Structuring Cooperative and Competitive Concurrent Systems. Computer Journal 1999, 42(8), 627-637.
  • Romanovsky A, Xu J, Randell B. Coordinated exception handling in real-time distributed object systems. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 1999, 14(4), 197-207.
  • Romanovsky A, Zorzo AF. Coordinated Atomic Actions as a Technique for Implementing Distributed Gamma Computation. Journal of Systems Architecture 1999, 45(15), 1357-1374.
  • Romanovsky A. Class diversity support in object-oriented languages. Journal of Systems and Software 1999, 48(1), 43-57.
  • Romanovsky AB. Predictable toleration of design faults: Recovery blocks in real time systems. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 1998, 13(6), 369-377.
  • Mitchell SE, Wellings AJ, Romanovsky A. Distributed Atomic Actions in Ada 95. Computer Journal 1998, 41(7), 486-502.
  • Romanovsky A. A study of atomic action schemes intended for standard Ada. Journal of Systems and Software 1998, 43(1), 29-44.
  • Romanovsky A. Practical exception handling and resolution in concurrent programs. Computer Languages 1997, 23(1), 43-58.
  • Romanovsky A, Zorzo AF. On Distribution of Coordinated Atomic Actions. Operating Systems Review 1997, 31(4), 63-71.
  • Romanovsky A, Randell B, Stroud R, Xu J, Zorzo AF. Implementation of blocking coordinated atomic actions based on forward error recovery. Journal of Systems Architecture 1997, 43(10), 687-699.
  • Strigini L, Di Giandomenico F, Romanovsky A. Coordinated backward recovery between client processes and data servers. IEE Proceedings: Software 1997, 144(2), 134-146.
  • Romanovsky A. Conversational Group Service. Operating Systems Review 1997, 31(1), 54-63.
  • Romanovsky A, Shturtz IV. Dynamic Conversations. International Journal of Computer Systems Science and Engineering 1996, 11(2), 109-116.
  • Romanovsky A. Application specific conversation schemes for ADA programs. Microprocessing and Microprogramming 1996, 41(10), 703-713.
  • Romanovsky A. Software Diversity as a Way to Well-Structured Concurrent Software. Operating Systems Review 1995, 29(3), 85-90.
  • Romanovsky A. How to Make a Recoverable Server by Synchronization Code Inheriting. OOPS Messenger 1995, 6(1), 7-13.
  • Romanovsky A. Conversations of Objects. Computer Languages 1995, 21(3-4), 147-163.
  • Romanovsky A, Strigini L. Backward Error Recovery via Conversations in Ada. IEE Software Engineering Journal 1995, 10(6), 219-232.
  • Romanovsky A. The Problems of Designing a Conversion Scheme for Concurrent Object Oriented Languages. Microprocessing and Microprogramming 1994, 40(10-12), 897-900.
  • Romanovsky A. Recovery Unification for Concurrent Heterogeneous Systems. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 1994, 9(4), 234-239.
  • Romanovsky A. About Conversations for Concurrent OO Languages. SIGPLAN Notices 1994, 29(9), 17-21.
  • Romanovsky A, Shturtz IV. Unplanned Recovery for Non-program Objects. International Journal of Computer Systems Science and Engineering 1993, 8(2), 72-79.
  • Romanovsky A. Fault Tolerance: Synchronization of Redundancy. Operating Systems Review 1993, 27(4), 58-66.

• Authored Books

  • Romanovsky A, Ishikawa F. Trustworthy Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, 2016.
  • Lecomte T, Pinger R, Romanovsky A. Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems. Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification. Springer International Publishing, 2016.
  • Romanovsky A, Thomas M. Industrial deployment of system engineering methods. Berlin: Springer, 2013.

• Book Chapters

  • Alajrami S, Gallina B, Romanovsky A. Enabling GSD task allocation via cloud-based software processes. In: Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications. Cham: Springer Verlag, 2018, pp.179-192.
  • Rafiev A, Mokhov A, Xia F, Iliasov A, Gensh R, Aalsaud A, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Resource-Driven Modelling for Managing Model Fidelity. In: Molnos A; Fabre C, ed. Model-Implementation Fidelity in Cyber Physical System Design. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG, 2017, pp.25-55.
  • Fitzgerald JS, Ingram C, Romanovksy A. Concepts of Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering: Model-Based Approaches. In: Romanovksy A; Ishikawa F, ed. Trustworthy Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering. London: CRC Press, 2016, pp.1-22.
  • Iliasov A, Lopatkin I, Romanovsky A. Unified Train Driving Policy. In: Boulanger, J-L, ed. Formal Methods Applied to Complex Systems. New Jersey, USA: Wiley, 2014, pp.447-473.
  • Iliasov A, Lopatkin I, Mihut A, Romanovsky A. Real-time ATO Reconfiguration For Operational Stability. In: Brebbia,C.A; Tomii,N; Tzieropoulos,P; Mera,J.M, ed. Computers in Railways XIV: Railway Engineering Design and Optimization. WIT Press, 2014, pp.163-173.
  • Thomas M, Romanovsky A. Introducing formal methods into existing industrial practices. In: Alexander Romanovsky and Martyn Thomas, ed. Industrial Deployment of System Engineering Methods. Berlin: Springer, 2013, pp.145-156.
  • Thomas M, Romanovsky A. Industrial software engineering and formal methods. In: Alexander Romanovsky and Martyn Thomas, ed. Industrial Deployment of System Engineering Methods. Berlin: Springer, 2013, pp.203-210.
  • Romanovsky A. After and outside DEPLOY: The deploy ecosystem. In: Industrial Deployment of System Engineering Methods. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013, pp.197-202.
  • Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Formal Approach to Ensuring Interoperability of Mobile Agents. In: Alencar, P; Cowan. D, ed. Handbook of Research on Mobile Software Engineering: Design Implementation and Emergent Applications. Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA: IGI Global, 2012, pp.442-462.
  • Chen Y, Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Romanovsky A. Measuring and Dealing with the Uncertainty of SOA Solutions. In: Cardellini, V; Casalicchio, E; Branco, K; Estrella, J; Monaco, F, ed. Performance and Dependability in Service Computing: Concepts, Techniques and Research Directions. Pennsylvania, USA: IGI Global, 2011, pp.265-294.
  • Grotsev D, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Formal Stepwise Development of Scalable and Reliable Multiagent Systems. In: Petre, L; Sere, K; Troubitsyna, E, ed. Dependability and Computer Engineering: Concepts for Software-Intensive Systems. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2011, pp.58-74.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Romanovsky A. Using inherent service redundancy and diversity to ensure web services dependability. In: Butler, M., Jones, C., Romanovsky, A., Troubitsyna, E, ed. Methods, Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance. Berlin; New York: Springer, 2009, pp.324-341.
  • Arief B, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. On developing open mobile fault tolerant agent systems. In: Choren, R; Garcia, A Giese, H; Leung, H-F; Lucena, C; Romanovsky, A, ed. Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems V: Research Issues and Practical Applications. Berlin: Springer, 2007, pp.21-40.
  • Cacho N, Damasceno K, Garcia A, Romanovsky A, Lucena C. Exception handling in context-aware agent systems: A case study. In: Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems V: Research Issues and Practical Applications. Berlin: Springer, 2007, pp.57-76.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Structured coordination spaces for fault tolerant mobile agents. In: Dony, C; Lindskov Knudsen, J; Romanovsky, A; Tripathi, A, ed. Advanced Topics in Exception Handling Techniques. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006, pp.181-199.
  • Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Rigorous Development of Fault-Tolerant Agent Systems. In: Butler, M., Jones, C., Romanovsky, A. and Troubitsyna, E, ed. Rigorous Development of Complex Fault-Tolerant Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006, pp.241-260.
  • Garcia A, Choren R, Lucena C, Giorgini P, Holvoet T, Romanovsky A. Preface. In: Garcia, A; Choren, R; Lucena, C; Giorgini, P; Holvoet, T; Romanovsky, A, ed. Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems IV: Research Issues and Practical Applications: v. 4. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 2006, pp.VII-IX.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Popov P, Romanovsky A. Dependable Composite Web Services with Components Upgraded Online. In: de Lemos, R., Gacek, C. and Romanovsky, A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems III. Berlin: Springer, 2005, pp.92-121.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Popov P, Romanovsky A. Dependable composite web services with components upgraded online. In: de Lemos, R; Gacek, C; Romanovsky, A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems III. Berlin: Springer, 2005, pp.92-121.
  • Asterio de C Guerra P, Rubira CMF, Romanovsky A, de Lemos R. A Dependable Architecture for COTS-Based Software Systems using Protective Wrappers. In: de Lemos, R., Gacek, C. and Romanovsky, A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems II. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp.144-166.
  • Tartanoglu F, Issarny V, Romanovsky A, Levy N. Dependability in the Web Services Architecture. In: de Lemos, R., Gacek, C., Romanovsky, A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003, pp.90-109.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. Architectural Mismatch Tolerance. In: de Lemos, R, Gacek, C, and Romanovsky, A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003, pp.175-194.
  • Zorzo AF, Randell B, Romanovsky A. TLA Specification of a Mechanism for Concurrent Exception Handling. In: Ezhilchelvan, P., Romanovsky, A, ed. Concurrency in Dependable Computing. Boston, Massachusetts, USA; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002, pp.41-59.
  • Randell B, Romanovsky A, Rubira-Calsavara CMF, Stroud RJ, Wu Z, Xu J. From Recovery Blocks to Concurrent Atomic Actions. In: Randell, B., Laprie, J-C., Kopetz, H., Littlewood, B, ed. Predictably Dependable Computing Systems. Brussels: Springer-Verlag, 1995, pp.87-101.

• Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstracts)

  • Iliasov A, Laibinis L, Taylor D, Lopatkin I, Romanovsky A. Safety Invariant Verification that Meets Engineers’ Expectations. In: Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification: 4th International Conference on Reliability, Safety and Security of Railway Systems (RSSRail 2022). 2022, Paris, France: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Taylor D, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A. Formal verification of railway interlocking and its safety case. In: Safety-critical Systems Symposium 2022. 2022, Bristol, UK and online: The Safety-Critical Systems Club, UK.
  • Stankaitis P, Iliasov A, Kobayashi T, Ait Ameur Y, Ishikawa F, Romanovsky A. Formal Distributed Protocol Development for Reservation of Railway Sections. In: 7th International Conference on Rigorous State-Based Methods (ABZ 2020). 2020, Ulm, Germany: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Laibinis L. Quantitative Validation of Formal Domain Models. In: The 19th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE). 2019, Hangzhou Zhejiang, China: IEEE.
  • Souza A, Cacho N, Jayaraman PP, Ranjan R, Romanovsky A, Noor A. Osmotic Monitoring of Microservices between the Edge and Cloud. In: 2018 IEEE 20th International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications; IEEE 16th International Conference on Smart City; IEEE 4th International Conference on Data Science and Systems (HPCC/SmartCity/DSS). 2019, Exeter: IEEE.
  • Stankaitis P, Dupont G, Kumar Singh N, Ait-Ameur Y, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Modelling Hybrid Train Speed Controller using Proof and Refinement. In: 2019 24th International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS). 2019, Guangzhou, China: IEEE.
  • Stankaitis P, Iliasov A, Ait-Ameur Y, Kobayashi T, Ishikawa F, Romanovsky A. A refinement based method for developing distributed protocols. In: 19th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE 2019). 2019, Hangzhou, China: IEEE.
  • Primo F, Missier P, Romanovsky A, Figueredo M, Cacho N. A Customisable Pipeline for Continuously Harvesting Socially-Minded Twitter Users. In: 19th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2019). 2019, Daejeon, Korea: Springer.
  • Souza A, Wen Z, Cacho N, Romanovsky A, James P, Ranjan R. Using Osmotic Services Composition for Dynamic Load Balancing of Smart City Applications. In: 2018 IEEE 11th Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications (SOCA). 2018, Paris, France: IEEE.
  • Iliasov A, Taylor D, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A. Formal Verification of Signalling Programs with SafeCap. In: 37th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, & Security. 2018, Västerås, Sweden: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Taylor D, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A. Formal Verification of Signalling Programs with SafeCap. In: SAFECOMP 2018 International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security. 2018, Vasteras, Sweden: Springer Verlag.
  • Rafiev A, Xia F, Iliasov A, Gensh R, Aalsaud A, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Error-Based Metric for Cross-Layer Cut Determination. In: Languages, Design Methods, and Tools for Electronic System Design: Selected Contributions from FDL 2016. 2018, Bremen, Germany: Springer Verlag.
  • Oliveira J, Macedo H, Cacho N, Romanovsky A. DroidEH: An Exception Handling Mechanism for Android Applications. In: 2018 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE). 2018, Memphis, TN, USA: IEEE.
  • Alajrami S, Romanovsky A, Gallina B. Cost-Aware Scheduling of Software Processes Execution in the Cloud. In: 6th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development, MODELSWARD 2018. 2018, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal: INSTICC.
  • Alajrami S, Romanovsky A, Gallina B. Cost-aware scheduling of software processes execution in the cloud. In: MODELSWARD 2018 - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. 2018, Funchal, Maderia, Portugal: SciTePress.
  • Martin L, Romanovsky A. Stochastic activity networks for the verification of knowledge bases. In: International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems (SERENE 2017). 2017, Geneva, Switzerland: Springer Verlag.
  • Rafiev A, Xia F, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Selective Abstraction for Estimating Extra-Functional Properties in Networks-on-Chips using ArchOn Framework. In: 17th International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD). 2017, Zaragoza, Spain: IEEE.
  • Rafiev A, Xia F, Iliasov A, Gensh R, Aalsaud A, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Selective abstraction and stochastic methods for scalable power modelling of heterogeneous systems. In: Forum on Specification and Design Languages (FDL). 2017, Bremen, Germany: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Missier P, McClean C, Carlton J, Cedrim D, Silva L, Garcia A, Plastino A, Romanovsky A. Recruiting from the network: Discovering Twitter users who can help combat Zika epidemics. In: 17th International Conference on Web Engineering (ICWE 2017). 2017, Rome, Italy: Springer Verlag.
  • Fantechi A, Lecomte T, Romanovsky A. Preface. In: Reliability, Safety, and Security of Railway Systems: Modelling, Analysis, Verification, and Certification: Second International Conference (RSSRail 2017). 2017, Pistoia, Italy: Springer Verlag.
  • Gensh R, Rafiev A, Xia F, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Modelling for systems with holistic fault tolerance. In: 9th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems (SERENE 2017). 2017, Geneva, Switzerland: Springer Verlag.
  • Gorbenko A, Romanovsky A, Tarasyuk O, Biloborodov O. Experience Report: Study of Vulnerabilities of Enterprise Operating Systems. In: 28th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE). 2017, Toulouse, France: IEEE.
  • Gensh R, Rafiev A, Romanovsky A, Garcia A, Xia F, Yakovlev A. Architecting Holistic Fault Tolerance. In: 18th IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE 2017). 2017, Singapore: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Martin L, Romanovsky A. An Approach for Designing Knowledge-Based Systems for High-Integrity Applications. In: 13th European Dependable Computing Conference, EDCC 2017. 2017, Geneva, Switzerland: IEEE.
  • Missier P, Romanovsky A, Miu T, Pal A, Daniilakis M, Garcia A, Cedrim D, Sousa L. Tracking Dengue Epidemics using Twitter Content Classification and Topic Modelling. In: 2nd International Workshop on Mining the Social Web (SoWeMine 2016) - co-located with ICWE 2016. 2016, Lugano, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Alajrami S, Gallina B, Sljivo I, Romanovsky A, Isberg P. Towards Cloud-Based Enactment of Safety-Related Processes. In: Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security: 35th International Conference (SAFECOMP 2016). 2016, Trondheim, Norway: Springer.
  • Alajrami S, Romanovsky A, Gallina B. Software Development in the Post-PC Era: Towards Software Development as a Service. In: 17th International Conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement (PROFES 2016). 2016, Trondheim, Norway: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Stankaitis P, Adjepon-Yamoah D, Romanovsky A. Rodin Platform Why3 Plug-In. In: 5th International Conference ABZ 2016. 2016, Linz, Austria: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Stankaitis P, Romanovsky A. Proving Event-B Models with Reusable Generic Lemmas. In: ICFEM 2016: Formal Methods and Software Engineering. 2016, Tokyo, Japan: Springer International Publishing.
  • Iliasov A, Stankaitis P, Romanovsky A. Proving Event-B models with reusable generic lemmas. In: Formal Methods and Software Engineering: 18th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM 2016). 2016, Tokyo, Japan: Springer.
  • Gensh R, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. On Structuring Holistic Fault Tolerance. In: 15th International Conference on Modularity 2016. 2016, Malaga, Spain: ACM.
  • Romanovsky A, Troubitsyna E. Message from the Program Co-Chairs. In: 27th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, ISSRE. 2016, Ottawa, Canada: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Troubitsyna E, Laibinis L. Formalisation-Driven Development of Safety-Critical Systems. In: 2016 IEEE 17th International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE). 2016, Orlando, Florida: IEEE.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Formal Analysis of railway signalling data. In: 17th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE 2016). 2016, Orlando, Florida: IEEE.
  • Alajrami S, Gallina B, Romanovsky A. EXE-SPEM: Towards cloud-based executable software process models. In: MODELSWARD 2016 - 4th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development. 2016, Rome, Italy: SciTePress.
  • Martin L, Romanovsky A. A Formal Approach to Designing Reliable Advisory Systems. In: 8th International Workshop, SERENE 2016. 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden: Springer.
  • Martin LJW, Romanovsky A. A Formal Approach to Designing Reliable Advisory Systems. In: 8th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems (SERENE 2016). 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden: Springer.
  • Tarasyuk O, Gorbenko A, Romanovsky A, Kharchenko V, Ruban V. The Impact of Consistency on System Latency in Fault Tolerant Internet Computing. In: Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems - 15th International Conference (DAIS 2015). 2015, Grenoble, France: Springer.
  • Rafiev A, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Mokhov A, Xia F, Yakovlev A. Studying the Interplay of Concurrency, Performance, Energy and Reliability with ArchOn - An Architecture-Open Resource-Driven Cross-Layer Modelling Framework. In: 14th International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD 2014). 2015, Tunis, Tunisia: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. SafeCap: The Train Advisory System for Real-Time Traffic Management. In: The Stephenson Conference 2015: Research for Railways. 2015, London, UK: Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London.
  • Iliasov A, Adjepon-Yamoah D, Stankaitis P, Romanovsky A. Putting Provers on the Cloud. In: 23rd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP 2015). 2015, Turku, Finland.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E. OSLC-based Support for Integrated Development of Dependable Systems. In: EDCC 2015. 2015, Paris, France.
  • Rafiev A, Xia F, Iliasov A, Gensh R, Aalsaud A, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Order Graphs and Cross-Layer Parametric Significance-driven Modelling. In: 15th International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design (ACSD'15). 2015, Brussels, Belgium: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E, Prokhorova Y, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. From Requirements Engineering to Safety Assurance:Refinement Approach. In: 1st Symposium on Dependable Software Engineering; Theories, Tools and Applications. 2015, Nanjing, China: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Formal Modelling of Railway Safety and Capacity. In: 23rd Safety-Critical Systems Symposium 2015 (SSS'15). 2015, Bristol, UK.
  • Gensh R, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Engineering Cross-Layer Fault Tolerance in Many-Core Systems. In: 7th International Workshop, SERENE-2015. 2015, Paris, France: Springer.
  • Gensh R, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Engineering Cross-Layer Fault Tolerance in Many-Core Systems. In: 7th International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems. 2015, Paris, France: Springer International Publishing.
  • Martin L, Romanovsky A, Blewitt W. Design and development of the train advisory systems for the future. In: 13th Conference on Railway Engineering 2015. 2015, Edinburgh.
  • Wen Z, Cala J, Watson P, Romanovsky A. Cost Effective, Reliable and Secure Workflow Deployment over Federated Clouds. In: 8th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD). 2015, New York, NY, USA: IEEE.
  • Adjepon-Yamoa D, Romanovsky A, Iliasov A. A reactive architecture for cloud-based system engineering. In: 2015 International Conference on Software and System Process ICSSP-2015. 2015, Tallinn, Estonia: ACM.
  • Iliasov A, Rafiev A, Xia F, Gensh R, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. A formal specification and prototyping language for multi-core system management. In: 23rd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing (PDP 2015). 2015, Turku: IEEE.
  • Andrews Z, Ingram C, Payne R, Romanovsky A, Holt J, Perry S. Traceable Engineering of Fault-Tolerant SoSs. In: INCOSE International Symposium 2014. 2014, Nevada, USA: International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE).
  • Alajrami S, Romanovsky A, Watson P, Roth A. Towards Cloud-Based Software Process Modelling and Enactment. In: ACM/IEEE 17th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. 2014, Valencia, Spain.
  • Lopatkin I, Romanovsky A. Rigorous Development of Fault-Tolerant Systems through Co-Refinement. In: 19th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies. 2014, Paris, France: Springer.
  • Lopatkin I, Romanovsky A. Rigorous Development of Fault-Tolerant Systems through Co-refinement. In: 19th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies. 2014, Paris, France: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Lopatkin I, Mihut A, Romanovsky A. Real-time ATO reconfiguration for operational stability. In: WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 2014, WITPress.
  • Iliasov A, Lopatkin I, Romanovsky A. Practical formal methods in railways - The SafeCap approach. In: 19th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies. 2014, Paris, France: Springer.
  • Romanovsky A. Message from general chair: EDCC 2014. In: 2014 10th European Dependable Computing Conference, EDCC 2014. 2014, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: IEEE.
  • Rafiev A, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Mokhov A, Xia F, Yakovlev A. ArchOn: Architecture-open Resource-driven Cross-layer Modelling Framework. In: ES4CPS@DATE 2014 - International Workshop on Engineering Simulations for Cyber-Physical Systems. 2014, Dresden, Germany.
  • Iliasov A, Palacin R, Romanovsky A. Advanced Modelling, Simulation and Verification for Future Traffic Regulation Optimisation. In: 6th International Workshop, SERENE 2014. 2014, Budapest, Hungary: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Palacin R, Romanovsky A. Advanced Modelling, Simulation and Verification for Future Traffic Regulation Optimisation. In: SERENE 2014: Software Engineering for Resilient Systems. 2014, Budapest, Hungary: Springer, Cham.
  • Iliasov A, Lopatkin I, Romanovsky A. The SafeCap Project on Railway Safety Verification and Capacity Simulation. In: 5th International Workshop SERENE 2013. 2013, Kiev, Ukraine: Springer.
  • Andrews Z, Payne R, Romanovsky A, Didier A, Mota A. Model-based development of fault tolerant systems of systems. In: 2013 7TH Annual IEEE International Systems Conference (SYSCON 2013). 2013, Orlando, FL, USA: IEEE.
  • Andrews Z, Fitzgerald J, Payne R, Romanovsky A. Fault Modelling for Systems of Systems. In: 11th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS 2013). 2013, Mexico City, Mexico: IEEE.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. SAFECAP domain language for reasoning about safety and capacity. In: 2012 WORKSHOP ON DEPENDABLE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS/RECENT ADVANCES IN SOFTWARE DEPENDABILITY (WDTS-RASD 2012). 2012, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA: IEEE.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Mamutov S, Tarasyuk O, Romanovsky A. Exploring Uncertainty of Delays as a Factor in End-to-End Cloud Response Time. In: 9th European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC). 2012, Sibiu, Romania: IEEE.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Tarasyuk O, Romanovsky A. Using Diversity in Cloud-Based Deployment Environment to Avoid Intrusions. In: Third International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems (SERENE). 2011, Geneva, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Lopatkin I, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Rigorous Development of Dependable Systems using Fault Tolerance Views. In: 22nd IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE). 2011, Hiroshima, Japan: IEEE.
  • Lopatkin I, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Prokhorova Y, Troubitsyna Y. Patterns for Representing FMEA in Formal Specification of Control Systems. In: 13th IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering, HASE 2011. 2011, Boca Raton, Florida, USA: IEEE.
  • Iliasov A, Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E, Romanovsky A. Formal Derivation of a Distributed Program in Event B. In: 13th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM). 2011, Durham, UK: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E, Romanovsky A. Formal Derivation of a Distributed Program in Event B. In: 13th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods. 2011, Durham, UK: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Troubitsyna E, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A, Varpaaniemi K, Vaisanen P, Ilic D, Latvala T. Verifying Mode Consistency for On-Board Satellite Software. In: 29th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security (SAFECOMP). 2010, Vienna, Austria: Springer.
  • Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. System Architecture, Dependability and Modes. In: 8th European Dependable Computing Conference (Fast Abstract Track). 2010, Valencia, Spain.
  • Iliasov A, Troubitsyna E, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A, Varpaaniemi K, Ilic D, Latvala T. Supporting Reuse in Event B Development: Modularisation Approach. In: Abstract State Machines, Alloy, B and Z: Second International Conference (ABZ). 2010, Orford, QC, Canada: Springer.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Mamutov S, Tarasyuk O, Chen Y, Romanovsky A. Real Distribution of Response Time Instability in Service-Oriented Architecture. In: 29th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS). 2010, New Delhi, India: IEEE.
  • Iliasov A, Troubitsyna E, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A. Patterns for Refinement Automation. In: Formal Methods for Components and Objects: 8th International Symposium (FMCO 2009). 2010, Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Troubitsyna E, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A. Patterns for Refinement Automation. In: Formal Methods for Components and Objects: 8th International Symposium (FMCO). 2010, Eindhoven, Netherlands: Springer.
  • Bryans JW, Fitzgerald JS, Romanovsky A, Roth A. Patterns for Modelling Time and Consistency in Business Information Systems. In: 15th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS). 2010, Oxford, UK: IEEE.
  • Lopatkin I, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. On Fault Tolerance Reuse during Refinement. In: 2nd International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems (SERENE). 2010, London, UK: ACM DL.
  • Di Marzo Serugendo G, Fitzgerald J, Romanovsky A. MetaSelf – An Architecture and a Development Method for Dependable Self-* Systems. In: 25th annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. 2010, Sierre, Switzerland: ACM.
  • Iliasov A, Troubitsyna E, Laibinis L, Romanovsky A, Varpaaniemi K, Ilic D, Latvala T. Developing Mode-Rich Satellite Software by Refinement in Event B. In: Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems: 15th International Workshop (FMICS). 2010, Antwerp, Belgium: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Dotti FL. Structuring Specifications with Modes. In: Proceedings of the Fourth Latin-American Symposium on Dependable Computing (LADC). 2009, Joao Pessoa, Brazil: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Iliasov A, Arief B, Romanovsky A. Step-Wise Development of Resilient Ambient Campus Scenarios. In: Methods, Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance. 2009, Oxford, UK: Springer.
  • Iliasov A, Arief B, Romanovsky A. Step-wise development of resilient ambient campus scenarios. In: Methods, Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance. 2009, Oxford, UK: Springer.
  • Goeschka K, Hallsteinsen S, Oliveira R, Romanovsky A. Special track on dependable and adaptive distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: ACM Press.
  • Dotti FL, Iliasov A, Ribeiro L, Romanovsky A. Modal Systems: Specification, Refinement and Realisation. In: Formal Methods and Software Engineering: 11th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM). 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Springer-Verlag.
  • Dotti FL, Iliasov A, Ribeiro L, Romanovsky A. Modal Systems: Specification, Refinement and Realisation. In: Formal Methods and Software Engineering: 11th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM). 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Springer.
  • Dotti F, Iliasov A, Ribeiro L, Romanovsky A. Modal systems: Specification, refinement and realisation. In: Formal Methods and Software Engineering: 11th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM). 2009, Springer.
  • Bryans J, Fitzgerald JS, Romanovsky A, Roth A. Formal Modelling and Analysis of Business Information Applications with Fault Tolerant Middleware. In: 14th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems. 2009, Potsdam, Germany: IEEE.
  • Chen Y, Romanovsky A, Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Mamutov S, Tarasyuk O. Benchmarking Dependability of a System Biology Application. In: 14th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS). 2009, Potsdam, Germany: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Tarasyuk O, Chen Y, Romanovsky A. The threat of uncertainty in service-oriented architecture. In: 2008 RISE/EFTS Joint International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems (SERENE). 2008, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: ACM.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Refinement Patterns for Fault Tolerant Systems. In: Proceedings of the Seventh European Dependable Computing Conference (EDCC-7). 2008, Kaunas, Lithuania: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Gorbenko A, Romanovsky A, Kharehenko V. How to enhance UDDI with dependability capabilities. In: 32nd Annual IEEE International Computer Software and Applications Conference. 2008, Turku, Finland: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Formal development of cooperative exception handling for mobile agent systems. In: Proceedings of the 2008 RISE/EFTS Joint International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems (SERENE). 2008, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: ACM Press.
  • Gorbenko A, Kharchenko V, Romanovsky A, Mikhaylichenko A. Experimenting with exception propagation mechanisms in service-oriented architecture. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Exception Handling. Co-located with the Sixteenth ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. 2008, Atlanta, Georgia, USA: ACM.
  • Romanovsky A. DEPLOY: Industrial deployment of advanced system engineering methods for high productivity and dependability. In: Proceedings of the RISE/EFTS Joint International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems, SERENE'08. 2008, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: ACM Press.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Arief B, Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E. On rigorous design and implementation of fault tolerant ambient systems. In: 10th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, ISORC 2007. 2007, Santorini Island, Greece: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
  • Romanovsky A. On exceptions, exception handling, requirements and software lifecycle. In: 10th IEEE High Assurance Systems Engineering Symposium (HASE). 2007, Plano, TX: IEEE.
  • Guelfi N, Muccini H, Pelliccione P, Romanovsky A. EFTS 2007: The 2nd international workshop on engineering fault tolerant systems. In: 6th Joint Meeting of the European Software Engineering Conference and the ACM SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, ESEC/FSE. 2007, Dubrovnik, Croatia: ACM.
  • Gallina B, Guelfi N, Romanovsky A. Coordinated atomic actions for dependable distributed systems: The current state in concepts, semantics and verification means. In: Proceedings - International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering, ISSRE. 2007, Trollhättan, Sweden: IEEE.
  • Muccini H, Pelliccione P, Romanovsky A. Architecting Fault Tolerant Systems. In: Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture. 2007, Mumbai, India: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Di Marzo Serugendo G, Fitzgerald J, Romanovsky A, Guelfi N. A Metadata-Based Architectural Model for Dynamically Resilient Systems. In: 22nd ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. 2007, Seoul, Korea: ACM.
  • Romanovsky A. A looming fault tolerance software crisis?. In: Software Engineering Notes: NATO Workshop on Building Robust Systems with Fallible Construction. 2007, Prague, Czech Republic: ACM.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A, Arief B, Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E. A framework for open distributed system design. In: COMPSAC: International Computer Software and Applications Conference. 2007, Beijing, China: IEEE.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. Workshop on Architecting Dependable Systems (WADS). In: International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DNS 2006). 2006, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Castor Filho F, Romanovsky A, Rubira CMF. Verification of Coordinated Exception Handling. In: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. 2006, Dijon, France: ACM.
  • Becker S, Brogi A, Gorton I, Overhage S, Romanovsky A, Tivoli M. Towards an Engineering Approach to Component Adaptation. In: Architecting Systems with Trustworthy Components: International Seminar. 2006, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
  • Arief B, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. On Using the CAMA Framework for Developing Open Mobile Fault Tolerant Agent Systems. In: 2006 International Workshop on Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems. 2006, Shanghai, China: ACM.
  • Arief B, Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. On using the CAMA framework for developing open mobile fault tolerant agent systems. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering. 2006, Shanghai, China: ACM Press.
  • Li P, Chen Y, Romanovsky A. Measuring the Dependability of Web Services for Use in e-Science Experiments. In: Service Availability: Third International Service Availability Symposium (ISAS). 2006, Helsinki, Finland: Springer.
  • Li P, Chen Y, Romanovsky A. Measuring the Dependability of Web Services for Use in e-Science Experiments. In: Service Availability: Third International Service Availability Symposium (ISAS 2006). 2006, Helsinki, Finland: Springer.
  • Monod M, Kienzle J, Romanovsky A. Looking Ahead in Open Multithreaded Transactions. In: Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC 2006). 2006, Gyeongju, Korea: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Choren R, Garcia A, Giese H, Leung H, Lucena C, Romanovsky A. Introduction to the SELMAS 2006. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering. 2006, Shanghai, China: ACM Press.
  • Choren R, Garcia A, Giese H, Leung H-F, Lucena C, Romanovsky A. Fifth workshop on Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems (SELMAS). In: 28th International Conference on Software Engineering. 2006, Shanghai, China: IEEE.
  • Goschka KM, Oliveira R, Hallsteinsen SO, Romanovsky A. Editorial message: Special track on dependable and adaptive distributed systems. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. 2006, Dijon, France: ACM Press.
  • Damasceno K, Cacho N, Garcia A, Romanovsky A, Lucena C. Context-Aware Exception Handling in Mobile Agent Systems: The MoCA Case. In: International Workshop on Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems (SELMAS 2006 Workshop). 2006, Shanghai, China: ACM.
  • Damasceno K, Cacho N, Garcia A, Romanovsky A, Lucena C. Context-aware exception handling in mobile agent systems: The MoCA case. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering. 2006, Shanghai, China: ACM Press.
  • Capozucca A, Guelfi N, Pelliccione P, Romanovsky A, Zorzo A. CAA-DRIP: a framework for implementing Coordinated Atomic Actions. In: 17th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE '06). 2006, Raleigh, North Carolina: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Lobato C, Garcia A, Lucena C, Romanovsky A. A modular implementation framework for code mobility. In: 3rd international conference on Mobile Technology, Applications & Systems (Mobile '06). 2006, Bangkok, Thailand: ACM.
  • Chen Y, Romanovsky A. A Mediator System for Improving Dependability of Web Services. In: International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN-2006). 2006, Philadelphia, USA: IEEE.
  • de Lemos R, Romanovsky A. Workshop on architecting dependable systems (WADS 2005). In: 27th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2005). 2005, St. Louis, Missouri: ACM.
  • Chen Y, Li P, Romanovsky A. Web Services Dependability and Performance Monitoring. In: 21st Annual UK Performance Engineering Workshop (UKPEW). 2005, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
  • Garcia A, Choren R, Lucena C, Romanovsky A, Holvoet T, Giorgini P. Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems - SELMAS'05. In: 27th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 2005, St Louis, Missouri, USA: ACM.
  • Iliasov A, Khomenko V, Koutny M, Romanovsky A. On specification and verification of location-based fault tolerant mobile systems. In: Rigorous Engineering of Fault Tolerant Systems (REFT). 2005, Newcastle upon Tyne: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg.
  • Iliasov A, Romanovsky A. Exception Handling in Coordination-based Mobile Environments. In: 29th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). 2005, Edinburgh, Scotland: IEEE.
  • Anderson T, Feng M, Riddle S, Romanovsky A. Error Recovery for a Boiler System with OTS PID Controller. In: 10th IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems (WORDS 2005). 2005, Sedona, Arizona: IEEE.
  • Anderson T, Randell B, Romanovsky A. Wrapping the Future. In: Building the Information Society: Proceedings of the IFIP 18th World Computer Congress. 2004, Toulouse, France: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. Twin Workshops on Architecting Dependable Systems (WADS). In: 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 2004, Edinburgh, UK: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. Twin Workshops on Architecting Dependable Systems (WADS 2004). In: International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN). 2004, Florence, Italy: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Choren R, Garcia A, Lucena C, Griss M, Kung D, Minsky N, Romanovsky A. Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-agent Systems - SELMAS'04. In: 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 2004, Edinburgh, UK: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Kharchenko V, Popov P, Romanovsky A. On Dependability of Composite Web Services with Components Upgraded Online. In: 2004 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks. 2004, Florence, Italy: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Romanovsky A, Dony C, Tripathi A, Lindskov Knudsen J. Exception Handling in Object Oriented Systems: Towards Emerging Application Areas and New Programming Paradigms. In: Object-Oriented Technology: ECOOP 2003 Workshop. 2004, Darmstadt, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
  • Fitzgerald JS, Parastatidis S, Romanovsky A, Watson P. Dependability-explicit Computing in Service-oriented Architectures. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN 2004). 2004, Florence, Italy.
  • Zorzo A, Periorellis P, Romanovsky A. Using Coordinated Atomic Actions for Building Complex Web Applications: a Learning Experience. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems. 2003, Guadalajara, Mexico: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Patiño-Martínez M, Jiménez-Peris R, Romanovsky A. Transactions and Groups as Generic Building blocks for Software Fault Tolerance. In: Reliable Software Technologies: 8th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies (ADA-Europe). 2003, Toulouse, France: Springer.
  • Romanovsky A, Periorellis P, Zorzo AF. Structuring integrated Web applications for fault tolerance. In: 6th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS). 2003, Pisa, Italy: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Jones C, Periorellis P, Romanovsky A, Welch I. Structured Handling of On-Line Interface Upgrades in Integrating Dependable Systems of Systems. In: Scientific Engineering for Distributed Java Applications: International Workshop (FIDJI). 2003, Luxembourg-Kirchberg, Luxembourg: Springer.
  • Lucena CJP, Sardinha JA, Garcia AF, Romanovsky A, Castro J, Alencar PSC, Cowan DD. Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems (SELMAS). In: 25th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 2003, Portland, Oregon: IEEE Computer Society & ACM.
  • Anderson T, Feng M, Riddle S, Romanovsky A. Protective wrapper development: A case study. In: 2nd International Conference on COTS-Based Software Systems. 2003, Ottawa, Canada: Springer.
  • Asterio de C Guerra P, Rubira CMF, Romanovsky A, de Lemos R. Integrating COTS Software Components into Dependable Software Architectures. In: 6th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing. 2003, Hakodate, Japan: IEEE.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. ICSE 2003 Workshop on Software Architectures for Dependable Systems. In: 25th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 2003, Portland, Oregon: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Romanovsky A, Dony C, Tripathi A, Knudsen JL. Exception handling in object oriented systems: Towards emerging application areas and new programming paradigms. In: Object-Oriented Technology: 17th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP). 2003, Darmstadt, Germany: Springer.
  • Anderson T, Feng M, Riddle S, Romanovsky A. Error Recovery for a Boiler System with OTS PID Controller. In: Workshop on Exception Handling in Object-Oriented Systems: Towards Emerging Application Areas and New Programming Paradigms (ECOOP). 2003, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
  • Di Marzo G, Romanovsky A. Designing Fault-Tolerant Mobile Systems. In: International Workshop on Scientific Engineering for Distributed Java Applications (FIDJI 2002). 2003, Luxembourg-Kirchberg: Springer-Verlag.
  • Tartanoglu F, Issarny V, Romanovsky A, Levy N. Coordinated Forward Error Recovery for Composite Web Services. In: 22nd International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS '03). 2003, Florence, Italy: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Asterio de C Guerra P, Rubira CMF, Romanovsky A, de Lemos R. A Fault-Tolerant Software Architecture for COTS-Based Software Systems. In: Proceedings of the joint 9th European Software Engineering Conference (ESEC) & 11th SIGSOFT Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE-11). 2003, Helsinki, Finland: ACM.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. ICSE 2002 Workshop on Architecting Dependable Systems. In: 24th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 2002, Orlando, Florida, USA: IEEE Press.
  • Serugendo GD, Romanovsky A. Designing fault-tolerant mobile systems. In: Scientific Engineering for Distributed Java Applications: International Workshop (FIDJI). 2002, Luxembourg: Springer.
  • Romanovsky A, Smith I. Dependable on-line upgrading of distributed systems. In: 26th Annual International Conference on Computer Software and Applications Conference. 2002, Oxford, UK: IEEE.
  • Kienzle J, Romanovsky A, Strohmeier A. Auction System Design Using Open Multithreaded Transactions. In: 7th IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems (WORDS). 2002, San Diego, California, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Jones C, Romanovsky A, Welch I. A Structured Approach to Handling On-Line Interface Upgrades. In: 26th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). 2002, Oxford, UK: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Xu J, Randell B, Romanovsky A. A Generic Approach to Structuring and Implementing Complex Fault-Tolerant Software. In: 5th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC). 2002, Washington DC, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Bryce C, Romanovsky A. 7th Workshop on Mobile Object Systems. In: Object-Oriented Technology: Workshop Reader (ECOOP). 2002, Budapest, Hungary: Springer.
  • Kienzle J, Jimenez-Peris R, Romanovsky A, Patino-Martinez M. Transaction Support for Ada. In: 6th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies (Ada-Europe). 2001, Leuven, Belgium: Springer-Verlag.
  • Popov P, Strigini L, Riddle S, Romanovsky A. Protective Wrapping of OTS Components. In: 4th ICSE Workshop on Component-Based Software Engineering: Component Certification and System Prediction (part of the 23rd IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 2001, Toronto, Canada: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Popov P, Riddle S, Romanovsky A, Strigini L. On Systematic Design of Protectors for Employing OTS Items. In: 27th Euromicro Conference. 2001, Warsaw, Poland: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Beder DM, Randell B, Romanovsky A, Rubira CMF. On Applying Coordinated Atomic Actions and Dependable Software Architectures for Developing Complex Systems. In: 4th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC). 2001, Magdeburg, Germany: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Burns A, Wellings AJ, Burns F, Koelmans AM, Koutny M, Romanovsky A, Yakovlev A. Modelling and verification of an atomic action protocol implemented in Ada. In: 21st International Workshop on Software Engineering and Petri Nets (SEPN). 2001, Aarhus, Denmark: CRL Publishing.
  • Romanovsky A. Looking Ahead in Atomic Actions with Exception Handling. In: 20th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems. 2001, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Romanovsky A. Exception handling in component-based system development. In: 25th Annual International Computer Software and Application Conference (COMPSAC). 2001, Chicago, Illinois, USA: IEEE.
  • Welch I, Stroud RJ, Romanovsky A. Aspects of Exceptions at the Meta-Level. In: International Workshop on Reflection. 2001, Computing Department, University of Lancaster, UK.
  • Welch I, Stroud RJ, Romanovsky A. Aspects of Exceptions at the Meta-level. In: 3rd International Conference on Metalevel Architectures and Separation of Crosscutting Concerns (REFLECTION). 2001, Kyoto, Japan: Springer-Verlag.
  • Vachon J, Guelgi N, Romanovsky A. Using COALA to Develop a Distributed Object-Based Application. In: 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Objects and Applications (DOA). 2000, Antwerp, Belgium: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Burns A, Wellings AJ, Burns FP, Koutny M, Romanovsky A. Towards Modelling and Verification of Concurrent Ada Programs using Petri Nets. In: DAIMIPB: International Workshop on Software Engineering and Petri Nets (SEPN 2000) (in conjunction with the 21st International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets (ICATPN). 2000, Aarhus, Denmark: Aarhus Universitet, Datalogisk Afdeling.
  • Kienzle J, Romanovsky A. On Persistent and Reliable Streaming in Ada. In: 5th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies (Ada-Europe). 2000, Potsdam, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
  • Romanovsky A, Dony C, Knudsen JL, Tripathi A. Exception Handling in Object-Oriented Systems. In: ECOOP 2000 Workshops, Panels, and Posters: Object-Oriented Technology; part of the 14th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP). 2000, Sophia Antipolis and Cannes, France: Springer-Verlag.
  • Romanovsky A, Dony C, Knudsen JL, Tripathi A. Exception handling in object oriented systems. In: ECOOP 2000 - Object-Oriented Programming, 14th European Conference. 2000, Sophia Antipolis and Cannes, France: Springer-Verlag.
  • Popov P, Strigini L, Romanovsky A. Diversity for Off-The-Shelf Components. In: International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN 2000) (formerly FTCS-30 and DCCA-8), Workshops and Fast Abstracts Digest. 2000, New York, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Romanovsky A. An Exception Handling Framework for N-Version programming in Object Oriented Systems. In: 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC). 2000, Newport Beach, California, USA: IEEE.
  • Xu J, Randell B, Romanovsky A, Stroud R, Zorzo AF, Canver E, von Henke F. Rigorous Development of a Safety-critical system based on co-ordinated Atomic Actions. In: Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS). 1999, Madison, Wisconsin, USA: IEEE Computer Society.
  • Romanovsky A. On N-Version Programming and Exception Handling. In: 10th European Workshop on Dependable Computing (EWDC-10): Design Methods and Tools for Dependable Systems and Quality of Service. 1999, Vienna, Austria: OCG.
  • Di Marzo Serugendo G, Guelfi N, Romanovsky A, Zorzo AF. Formal Development and Validation of Java Dependable Distributed Systems. In: 5th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS). 1999, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • de Lemos R, Romanovsky A. Exception Handling in a Cooperative Object-Oriented Approach. In: 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC). 1999, St. Malo, France: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Ezhilchelvan PD, Romanovsky A. Engineering Look-Ahead in Distributed Conversations. In: 4th International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS '99). 1999, Tokyo, Japan: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Popov P, Strigini L, Romanovsky A. Choosing effective methods for design diversity - How to progress from intuition to science. In: 18th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security (SAFECOMP). 1999, Toulouse, France: Springer.
  • Romanovsky A. Abstract Object State and Version Recovery in N-Version Programming. In: 29th IEEE International Conference on Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS / Europe-29). 1999, Nancy, France: IEEE.
  • Xu J, Randell B, Romanovsky A, Stroud RJ. Supporting and Controlling Complex Concurrency in Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems. In: International Symposium on Special Topics of Computers. 1998, China.
  • Romanovsky A, Xu J, Randell B. Exception Handling in Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Systems. In: 1st IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-time Distributed Computing (ISORC). 1998, Kyoto, Japan: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Xu J, Randell B, Romanovsky A et al. Developing Control Software for Production Cell II: Failure Analysis and System Design Using CA Actions. In: 3rd International Workshop on Design for Validation. 1998, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
  • Xu J, Romanovsky A, Randell B. Coordinated exception handling in distributed object systems: from model to system implementation. In: 18th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). 1998, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IEEE.
  • de Lemos R, Romanovsky A. Coordinated Atomic Actions in Modelling Object Cooperation. In: 1st IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-time Distributed Computing (ISORC). 1998, Kyoto, Japan: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Clematis A, Gianuzzi V, Romanovsky A, Tyrrell AM, Cazzola W. Approaches to Designing Complex Dependable Systems. In: 15th IFAC Workshop on Distributed Computer Control Systems (DCCS). 1998, Como, Italy.
  • Grosspietsch KE, Romanovsky A. A Concept for the Transition-Net Based Derivation of Software Versions for the Recovery Block Scheme. In: 9th European Workshop on Dependable Computing (EWDC-9): Testing Methods and Tools for Modern Computer Systems & Networks. 1998, Gdansk, Poland.
  • Zorzo AF, Romanovsky A, Xu J, Randell B, Stroud R, Welch I. Using Coordinated Atomic Actions to Design Dependable Distributed Object Systems. In: OOPSLA '97 Workshop on Dependable Distributed Object Systems, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 5 October 1997. Part of the 1997 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages & Applications (OOPSLA). 1997, Atlanta, Georgia, USA: ACM.
  • Romanovsky A, Xu J, Randell B. Exception Handling and Resolution in Distributed Object-Oriented Systems. In: 16th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS). 1996, Hong Kong, China: IEEE Computer Society Press.
  • Wang Y-M, Merritt MJ, Romanovsky A. Guaranteed Deadlock Recovery: Deadlock Resolution with Rollback Propagation. In: Pacific Rim International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Systems (PRFTS). 1995, Newport Beach, California, USA: IEEE.
  • Xu J, Randell B, Romanovsky A, Rubira CMF, Stroud RJ, Zhixue W. Fault Tolerance in Concurrent Object-Oriented Software through Coordinated Error Recovery. In: 25th International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing (FTCS). 1995, Pasadena, California, USA: IEEE.
  • Romanovsky A. Synchronization as a Framework for Distributed System Fault-Tolerance Design. In: 5th ACM SIGOPS European Workshop: Models and Paradigms for Distributed Systems Structuring (EW 5). 1992, Mont Saint-Michel, France: ACM Press.
  • Romanovsky A, Shturtz IV, Vassilyev VR. Designing Fault-Tolerant Objects in Object-Oriented Programming. In: 7th International Conference on the Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS Europe). 1992, Dortmund, Germany: Prentice-Hall.
  • Romanovsky A, Shturtz IV. Transparent Structurization of Parallel Processes for Backward Recovery. In: 2nd IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPPS). 1990, Dallas, Texas, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press.

• Edited Books

  • Romanovsky A, Troubitsyna EA, ed. Software Engineering for Resilient Systems: 9th International Workshop, SERENE 2017, Geneva, Switzerland, September 4-5, 2017, Proceedings. Geneva, Switzerland: Springer Verlag, 2017.
  • Romanovsky A, Ishikawa F, ed. Trustworthy Cyber-Physical Systems Engineering. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2016.
  • Romanovsky A, Vardanega T, ed. Reliable Software Technologies - Ada-Europe 2011. Proceedings of the 16th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies, Edinburgh, UK, June 20-24, 2011. Netherlands: Springer, 2011.
  • Butler M, Jones CB, Romanovsky A, Troubitsyna E, ed. Methods, Models and Tools for Fault Tolerance. Berlin; New York: Springer, 2009.
  • Garcia A, Romanovsky A, Kienzle J, Dony C, Cacho N, ed. WEH '08. Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Exception Handling. Co-located with the Sixteenth ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. 14 November 2008. Atlanta, Georgia, USA. New York, USA: ACM, 2008.
  • Guelfi N, Muccini H, Pelliccione P, Romanovsky A, ed. SERENE '08. RISE/EFTS Joint International Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems. 17-19 November 2008. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. New York, USA: ACM, 2008.
  • Pelliccione P, Muccini H, Guelfi N, Romanovsky A, ed. Software Engineering of Fault Tolerant Systems. New Jersey; London: World Scientific Publishing, 2007.
  • Choren R, Garcia A, Giese H, Romanovsky A, ed. Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems V: Research Issues and Practical Applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems IV. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007.
  • Garcia A, Choren R, Lucena C, Giorgini P, Holvoet T, Romanovsky A, ed. Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems IV: Research Issues and Practical Applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006.
  • Butler M, Jones C, Romanovsky A, Troubitsyna E, ed. Rigorous Development of Complex Fault-Tolerant Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006.
  • Dony C, Knudsen JL, Romanovsky A, Tripathi A, ed. Advanced Topics in Exception Handling Techniques. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006.
  • Choren R, Garcia A, Lucena C, Romanovsky A, ed. Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems III: Research Issues and Practical Applications. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2005.
  • Guelfi N, Reggio G, Romanovsky A, ed. Scientific Engineering of Distributed Java Applications: 4th International Workshop, FIDJI 2004, Luxembourg-Kirchberg, Luxembourg, November 24-25, 2004, Revised Selected Papers. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 2005.
  • Romanovsky A, Dony C, Knudsen J-L, Tripathi A, ed. Developing Systems that Handle Exceptions: Proceedings of ECOOP'05 Workshop on Exception Handling in Object-Oriented Systems. 25 July 2005. Glasgow, UK. Montpellier, Hérault, France: Department of Computer Science. LIRMM. Montpellier-II University, 2005.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems III. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2005.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A, ed. Third Workshop on Architectures for Dependable Systems (WADS), 25th May 2004. [Held as part of ] ICSE Scotland 2004: 26th International Conference on Software Engineering, May 23-28, Edinburgh, UK. New Jersey, USA: IEE, 2004.
  • Lucena C, Garcia A, Romanovsky A, Castro J, Alencar PSC, ed. Software Engineering for Multi-Agent Systems II : Research Issues and Practical Applications. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 2004.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems II. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004.
  • Choren R, Garcia A, Lucena C, Griss M, Kung D, Minsky N, Romanovsky A, ed. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2004). Scotland. Third International Workshop on Software Engineering for Large-Scale Multi-Agent Systems (SELMAS'04), 24th-25th May 2004. IEE, 2004.
  • Romanovsky A, Dony C, Knudsen JL, Tripathi A, ed. Proceedings of the ECOOP 2003 Workshop on Exception Handling in Object-Oriented Systems: Towards Emerging Application Areas and New Programming Paradigms. Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA: Department of Computer Science, University of Minnesota, 2003.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A, ed. Architecting Dependable Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A, ed. ICSE 2002 Workshop on Architecting Dependable Systems (Workshop Summary). New York: ACM Press, 2002.
  • Ezhilchelvan P, Romanovsky A, ed. Concurrency in Dependable Computing. Boston, Massachusetts, USA; London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
  • Romanovsky A, Dony C, Knudsen JL, Tripathi A, ed. Advances in Exception Handling Techniques. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001.

• Editorials

  • Guelfi N, Muccini H, Pelliccione P, Romanovsky A. Engineering Fault Tolerant Systems. International Journal of Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2008, 23(5), 315-316.
  • de Lemos R, Gacek C, Romanovsky A. Architecting dependable systems. Journal of Systems and Software 2006, 79(10), 1359-1360.
  • Garcia A, Lucena C, Bordini R, Breitman K, Bresciani P, Briot J-P, Cabri G, Cossentino M, Choren R, Davidsson P, Deloach S, Di Marzo Serugendo G, Elrad T, Fuentes L, Giampapa J, Giese H, Giorgini P, Guessoum Z, Guizzardi G, Henderson-Sellers B, Holvoet T, Iglesias C, Julien C, Leung H-F, Mamei M, Mouratidis H, Mueller J, Omicini A, Romanovsky A, Rossi G, Shehory O, Shepherdson J, Sichman J, Sycara K, Von Staa A, Weiss M, Weyns D, Winikoff M, Zisman A. Agent-oriented architecture for monitoring and diagnosis in supervisory systems. Computer Systems Science and Engineering 2006, 21(2), 85-86.
  • Romanovsky A, Wellings A. Developing fault-tolerant systems with Ada. COMPUTER SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2000, 15(1), 3-6.

• Patent

  • Romanovsky A, Wang Y-M. Method for Deadlock Recovery Using Consistent Global Checkpoints. USA, 5.664.088, 1997, 30-11-1995.

• Reports

  • Ishikawa F, Kobayashi T, Romanovsky A. Proceedings of the Event-B Day 2018 in Tokyo. Newcastle upon Tyne: School of Computing, Newcastle University, 2018. School of Computing Technical Report Series 1525.
  • Lopatkin I, Romanovsky A. A Method for Rigorous Development of Fault-Tolerant Systems. Newcastle upon Tyne: Newcastle University, 2013. School of Computing Science Technical Report Series 1374.
  • Ishikawa F, Romanovsky A. Proceedings: Workshop on the experience of and advances in developing dependable systems in Event-B. Newcastle upon Tyne: Newcastle University, 2012. School of Computing Science Technical Report Series 1355.
  • Romanovsky A, Warwick J. Newcastle Experience of Coordinating the FP7 DEPLOY Integrated Project. Newcastle upon Tyne: Newcastle University, 2012. School of Computing Science Technical Report Series 1350.
  • Bendisposto J, Jones C, Leuschel M, Romanovsky A, (eds). Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Automated Verification of Critical Systems. Newcastle upon Tyne: School of Computing Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2011. School of Computing Science Technical Report Series 1272.
  • Di Marzo Serugendo G, Fitzgerald J, Romanovsky A, Guelfi N. Dependable Self-Organising Software Architectures - An Approach for Self-Managing Systems. London: School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birkbeck College, 2006. BBKCS-06-05.
  • Randell B, Romanovsky A, Stroud RJ, Xu J, Zorzo AF. Co-ordinated Atomic Actions: From Concept to Implementation. Newcastle upon Tyne: Department of Computing Science, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1997. Department of Computing Science Technical Report Series 595.