Background

• dr. hab. inż Rafał Wróbel (SMIEEE) has more than 25 years of engineering experience and is currently a Senior Researcher with Newcastle University (UK). He received the M.Sc.Eng. degree from the Opole University of Technology (Poland) in 1998, the Ph.D. (Hons) degree from the Lodz University of Technology (Poland) in 2000, the Habilitation degree from the Opole University of Technology (Poland) and the Abilitazione Scientifica Nazionale (Italy) in 2013 and 2017 respectively.

Research interests

• Multidisciplinary design, fabrication and testing of electromagnetic and electromechanical transducers, e.g. electrical machines, transformers and wound passive components for more electric applications;
• Thermal management for high-specific-output zero-/low-emission applications, with focus on highly effective, ultra-lightweight and integrated solutions, e.g. integrated motor drives;
• Techniques for accurate and computationally effective design-optimization of electromagnetic and electromechanical devices, e.g. stochastic optimisation techniques and artificial intelligence.

Selected facts

• Research Lead with overall projects value over £6.5M;
• Number of research publications: 197;
• Number of PhD students supervised: 11.

Leadership

• Lead of Thermal Management Group at Newcastle University.
• Technical Co-Chair of multiple high calibre national and international events/conferences related to power, electronics, electrical machines and drives;
• Coordinator for the Advanced Propulsion Centre UK, Electrical Machines Spoke and UK Magnetic Society.

Research impact

• H-index: 25 (Scopus);
• Recipient of multiple research/academic and paper awards, IEEE Paper Awards, Foundation for Polish Science Awards, Polish Government Award and Siemens Award;
• Developer of computational techniques used in commercial software, Motor-CAD by Motor Design Ltd.;
• Invited Speaker for multiple events/tutorials;

Teaching

• Undergraduate and postgraduate teaching experience with Certificate in Advanced Studies in Academic Practice - Learning, Teaching and Engaging Students;
• Reviewer for national and international PhD projects/theses;
• Invited Scholar to University of Rome “La Sapienza”(Italy) and Beijing Institute of Technology (China).

Other functions

• Past Associate Editor for the IEEE Industry Applications Society, Electrical Machine Committee, 2012 - 2018;
• Reviewer for the Italian Research and University Evaluation Agency;
• Reviewer of book proposals for John Wiley & Sons;
• Review Committee Member for the best paper award, IEEE Industrial Electronics, Industry Applications;
• Reviewer to all major high impact journals, IEEE, IET, Elsevier and conferences in the field of electrical machines.

ORCID: Click here.

• Wrobel R. Particle Swarm Optimization with Varied Social Network for Reliable Parameter Estimation in Thermal Analysis of Electrical Machines. In: 23rd International Conference on the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields (COMPUMAG 2021). 2022, Cancun, Mexico: IEEE.
• Wrobel R. A technology overview of thermal management of integrated motor drives – Electrical Machines. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 2022, 29, 101222.
• Wrobel R. Thermal management of electrical machines for propulsion – challenges and future trends. Archives of Electrical Engineering 2022, 71(1), 175-187.
• Wrobel R, McGlen RJ. Heat Pipes in Thermal Management of Electrical Machines – A Review. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 2021, 26, 101053.
• Wrobel R, Chiodetto N. A comparative study of additively manufactured low-power-loss windings for PM machines. In: 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020). 2020, Online: IET.
• Wrobel R, Chiodetto N. A Comparative Study of Additively Manufactured Low-Power-Loss Windings for PM Machines. In: The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020). 2020, Nottingham, UK.
• Wrobel R, Mecrow B. A Comprehensive Review of Additive Manufacturing in Construction of Electrical Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2020, 35(2), 1054-1064.
• Wrobel R, Hussein A. A Feasibility Study of Additively Manufactured Heat Guides for Enhanced Heat Transfer in Electrical Machines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2020, 56(1), 205-215.
• Wrobel R, Reay D. A Feasibility Study of Heat Pipes for Thermal Management of Electrical Machines. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2020). 2020, Detroit, MI, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Scholes B, Hussein A, Law R, Mustaffar A, Reay D. A Metal Additively Manufactured (MAM) Heat Exchanger for Electric Motor Thermal Control on a High-Altitude Solar Aircraft - Experimental Characterisation. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 2020, 19, 100629.
• Wrobel R, McGlen RJ. Opportunities and Challenges of Employing Heat-Pipes in Thermal Management of Electrical Machines. In: 2020 XXIV International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2020). 2020, Gothenburg (Virtual Conference).
• Wrobel R, Scholes B, Hussein A, Law R, Mustaffar A, Reay D. A Metal Additively Manufactured (MAM) Heat Exchanger for Electric Motor Thermal Control on a High-Altitude Solar Aircraft – Experimental Characterisation. In: 16th UK Heat Transfer Conference. 2019, Nottingham, UK.
• Wrobel R, Mecrow B. Additive Manufacturing in Construction of Electrical Machines – A Review. In: IEEE Workshop on Machine Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD'2019). 2019, Athens, Greece: IEEE.
• Fatemi A, Ionel DM, Demerdash NAO, Staton DA, Wrobel R, Chong YC. Computationally Efficient Strand Eddy Current Loss Calculation in Electric Machines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2019, 55(4), 3479-3489.
• Wrobel R, Scholes B, Mustaffer A, Ullah S, Reay D, Mecrow B, Hussein A. Design and Experimental Characterisation of an Additively Manufactured Heat Exchanger for the Electric Propulsion Unit of a High-Altitude Solar Aircraft. In: ECCE 2019 - IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition. 2019, Baltimore, MD, USA: IEEE.
• Chiodetto N, Wrobel R, Mecrow B, Lisle T. Electro-mechanical Challenges in the Design of a High-Speed-High-Power-PMSM Rotor for an Aerospace Application. In: ECCE. 2019, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• Liu H, Ayat S, Wrobel R, Zhang C. Comparative Study of Thermal Properties of Electrical Windings Impregnated with Alternative Varnish Materials. In: The 9th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2018). 2018, Liverpool, UK: IET.
• Liu H, Wrobel R, Ayat A, Zhang C. Coupled Electromagnetic and Thermal Design-Optimisation of a Traction IPM Machine with High-Torque Overload Capability. In: 2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). 2018, Alexandroupoli, Greece: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Hussein A. Design Considerations of Heat Guides Fabricated using Additive Manufacturing for Enhanced Heat Transfer in Electrical Machines. In: 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2018, Portland, OR, USA: IEEE.
• Ayat S, Liu H, Kulan M, Wrobel R. Estimation of Equivalent Thermal Conductivity for Electrical Windings with High Conductor Fill Factor. In: 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). 2018, Portland, OR, USA: IEEE.
• Ayat A, Liu H, Chauvicourt F, Wrobel R. Experimental Derivation of Thermal Parameters of the Stator-Winding Region in Thermal Analysis of PM Electrical Machines. In: IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2018, Washington, DC, USA: IEEE.
• Ullah S, Kimiabeigi M, Scholes B, Steven A, Wrobel R, Davis W, Widmer J. Optimisation of permanent magnet machine topologies suitable for solar powered aircraft. In: 2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). 2018, Alexandroupoli, Greece: IEEE.
• Romanazzi P, Ayat S, Wrobel R, Howey DA. 3D homogenisation of concentrated windings with rectangular conductors. In: 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC 2017). 2017, Miami, FL, USA: IEEE.
• Ayat S, Wrobel R, Baker J, Drury D. A comparative study between aluminium and copper windings for a modular-wound IPM electric machine. In: 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC 2017). 2017, Miami, FL, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Ayat S, Godbehere J. A systematic experimental approach in deriving stator-winding heat transfer. In: 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC 2017. 2017, Miami, FL, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Wrobel R, Ayat S, Baker JL. Analytical methods for estimating equivalent thermal conductivity in impregnated electrical windings formed using Litz wire. In: 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC 2017. 2017, Miami, FL, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Wrobel R, Simpson N, Mellor PH, Goss J, Staton DA. Design of a Brushless PM Starter Generator for Low-Cost Manufacture and a High-Aspect-Ratio Mechanical Space Envelope. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2017, 53(2), 1038-1048.
• Godbehere J, Wrobel R, Drury D, Mellor PH. Experimentally Calibrated Thermal Stator Modeling of AC Machines for Short-Duty Transient Operation. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2017, 53(4), 3457-3466.
• Williamson SJ, Wrobel R, Yon J, Booker JD, Mellor PH. Investigation of equivalent stator-winding thermal resistance during insulation system ageing. In: 11th International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electrical Machines, Power Electronics and Drives (SDEMPED 2017). 2017, Tinos, Greece: IEEE.
• Yon JM, Baker JL, Mellor PH, Williamson SJ, Wrobel R. Test characterization of a high performance fault tolerant permanenet magnet machine. In: 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC 2017). 2017, Miami, FL, USA: IEEE.
• Fatemi A, Ionel DM, Demerdash NAO, Staton DA, Wrobel R, Chong YC. A computationally efficient method for calculation of strand eddy current losses in electric machines. In: ECCE 2016 - IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Proceedings. 2016, Milwaukee, WI, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Simpson N, Wrobel R, Mellor PH. A Multiphysics Design Methodology Applied to a High-Force-Density Short-Duty Linear Actuator. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2016, 52(4), 2919-2929.
• Wrobel R, Williamson SJ, Booker JD, Mellor PH. Characterizing the in situ Thermal Behavior of Selected Electrical Machine Insulation and Impregnation Materials. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2016, 52(6), 4678-4687.
• Williamson SJ, Wrobel R, Booker JD, Yon J, Mellor PH. Effects of insulation ageing on the conductive heat transfer from the winding body into machine periphery/stator core pack. In: IET Conference Publications. 2016, Glasgow, UK: Institution of Engineering and Technology.
• Ayat S, Wrobel R, Goss J, Drury D. Estimation of equivalent thermal conductivity for impregnated electrical windings formed from profiled rectangular conductors. In: IET Conference Publications. 2016, Glasgow, UK: Institution of Engineering and Technology.
• Ayat S, Wrobel R, Goss J, Drury D. Experiment informed methodology for thermal design of PM machines. In: 2016 11th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies, EVER 2016. 2016, Monte Carlo, Monaco: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Ayat S, Wrobel R, Goss J, Drury D. Experimental calibration in thermal analysis of PM electrical machines. In: ECCE 2016 - IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Proceedings. 2016, Milwaukee, WI, USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Godbehere J, Wrobel R, Drury D, Mellor PH. Experimentally calibrated thermal stator modelling of AC machines for short-duty transient operation. In: 2016 XXII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM). 2016, Lausanne: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Simpson N, Wrobel R, Booker JD, Mellor PH. Multi-physics experimental investigation into stator-housing contact interface. In: IET Conference Publications. 2016, Glasgow, UK: Institution of Engineering and Technology.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH, Popescu M, Staton DA. Power loss analysis in thermal design of permanent magnet machines - A review. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2016, 52(2), 1359-1368.
• Godbehere J, Wrobel R, Drury D, Mellor PH. Salient PM rotor topology selection for a zero-speed injection based sensorless controlled machine. In: 8th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2016). 2016, Glasgow, Scotland, UK: Institution of Engineering and Technology.
• Wrobel R, Simpson N. Winding loss separation in thermal analysis of electromagnetic devices. In: 2016 22nd International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2016. 2016, Lausanne, Switzerland: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Wu X, Wrobel R, Mellor PH, Zhang C. A Computationally Efficient PM Power Loss Mapping for Brushless AC PM Machines With Surface-Mounted PM Rotor Construction. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2015, 62(12), 7391-7401.
• Wrobel R, Williamson SJ, Booker JD, Mellor PH. Characterising the performance of selected electrical machine insulation systems. In: 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2015. 2015, Montreal, Canada: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Godbehere J, Wrobel R, Drury D, Mellor PH. Design methodology of a brushless IPM machine for a zero-speed injection based sensorless control. In: 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2015. 2015, Montreal, Canada: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Wrobel R, Simpson N, Mellor PH, Goss J, Staton DA. Design of a brushless PM starter-generator for low-cost manufacture and a high-aspect-ratio mechanical space envelope. In: 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2015. 2015, Montreal, Canada: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Wrobel R, Williamson SJ, Simpson N, Ayat S, Yon J, Mellor PH. Impact of slot shape on loss and thermal behaviour of open-slot modular stator windings. In: 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2015. 2015, Montreal, Canada: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Wrobel R, Vainel G, Copeland C, Duda T, Staton D, Mellor PH. Investigation of Mechanical Loss Components and Heat Transfer in an Axial-Flux PM Machine. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2015, 51(4), 3000-3011.
• Simpson N, Wrobel R, Mellor PH. Multi-physics design of high-energy-density wound components. In: 2015 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2015. 2015, Montreal, Canada: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH, Popescu M, Staton DA. Power loss analysis in thermal design of electrical machines. In: IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD 2015). 2015, Torino, Italy: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Staton D, Lock R, Booker J, Drury D. Winding Design for Minimum Power Loss and Low-Cost Manufacture in Application to Fixed-Speed PM Generator. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2015, 51(5), 3773-3782.
• Goss J, Popescu M, Staton D, Wrobel R, Yon J, Mellor P. A comparison between maximum torque/ampere and maximum efficiency control strategies in IPM synchronous machines. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2014). 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, USA: IEEE.
• Wu X, Wrobel R, Mellor PH, Zhang C. A computationally efficient PM power loss derivation for surface-mounted brushless AC PM machines. In: International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2014). 2014, Berlin, Germany: IEEE.
• Simpson N, Wrobel R, Mellor PH. A general arc-segment element for three-dimensional thermal modeling. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 2014, 50(2), 7006404.
• Baker JL, Wrobel R, Drury D, Mellor PH. A methodology for predicting the thermal behaviour of modular-wound electrical machines. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2014). 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, USA: IEEE.
• Simpson N, Wrobel R, Mellor PH. A multi-physics design methodology applied to a high-force-density short-duty linear actuator. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2014). 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, USA: IEEE.
• Mellor P, Wrobel R, Simpson N. AC losses in high frequency electrical machine windings formed from large section conductors. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2014). 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, USA: IEEE.
• Simpson N, Wrobel R, Mellor PH. An accurate mesh-based equivalent circuit approach to thermal modeling. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 2014, 50(2), 7006504.
• Wrobel R, Salt D, Simpson N, Mellor PH. Comparative study of copper and aluminium conductors - Future cost effective PM machines. In: 7th IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2014). 2014, Manchester, UK: IET.
• Wrobel R, Salt DE, Griffo A, Simpson N, Mellor PH. Derivation and scaling of AC copper loss in thermal modeling of electrical machines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2014, 61(8), 4412-4420.
• Wrobel R, Goss J, Mlot A, Mellor PH. Design considerations of a brushless open-slot radial-flux PM hub motor. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2014, 50(3), 1757-1767.
• Wrobel R, Staton D, Lock R, Booker J, Drury D. Winding design for minimum power loss and low-cost manufacture in application to fixed-speed PM generator. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2014). 2014, Pittsburgh, PA, USA: IEEE.
• Goss J, Staton D, Wrobel R, Mellor P. Brushless AC interior-permanent magnet motor design: Comparison of slot/pole combinations and distributed vs. concentrated windings. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2013). 2013, Denver, CO, USA: IEEE.
• Griffo A, Salt D, Wrobel R, Drury D. Computationally efficient modelling of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives for real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop simulation. In: 39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2013). 2013, Vienna, Austria: IEEE.
• Griffo A, Wrobel R, Mellor PH, Yon JM. Design and characterization of a three-phase brushless exciter for aircraft starter/generator. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2013, 49(5), 2106-2115.
• Simpson N, Wrobel R, Mellor PH. Estimation of equivalent thermal parameters of impregnated electrical windings. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2013, 49(6), 2505-2515.
• Mellor P, Wrobel R, Salt D, Griffo A. Experimental and analytical determination of proximity losses in a high-speed PM machine. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2013). 2013, Denver, CO, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Vainel G, Copeland C, Duda T, Staton D, Mellor P. Investigation of mechanical loss and heat transfer in an axial-flux PM machine. In: 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2013. 2013, Denver, CO, USA: IEEE.
• Goss J, Wrobel R, Mellor P, Staton D. The design of AC permanent magnet motors for electric vehicles: A design methodology. In: 2013 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC 2013. 2013, Chicago, IL, USA: IEEE.
• Yon JM, Mellor PH, Wrobel R, Booker JD, Burrow SG. Analysis of semipermeable containment sleeve technology for high-speed permanent magnet machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2012, 27(3), 646-653.
• Wrobel R, Mlot A, Mellor PH. Contribution of end-winding proximity losses to temperature variation in electromagnetic devices. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2012, 59(2), 848-857.
• Wrobel R, Goss J, Mlot A, Mellor P. Design considerations of a brushless open-slot radial-flux PM hub motor. In: 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2012. 2012, Raleigh, NC, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Griffo A, Mellor PH. Scaling of AC copper loss in thermal modeling of electrical machines. In: Proceedings - 2012 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2012. 2012, Marseille, France: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Griffo A, Mlot A, Yon J, Mellor P, Turner J, Rolfe B, Stevenson R, Collins R. Design study of a three-phase brushless exciter for aircraft starter/generator. In: IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition: Energy Conversion Innovation for a Clean Energy Future, ECCE 2011, Proceedings. 2011, Phoenix, AZ, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Budden AS, Salt D, Holliday D, Mellor PH, Dinu A, Sangha P, Holme M. Rotor design for sensorless position estimation in permanent-magnet machines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2011, 58(9), 3815-3824.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH. Thermal design of high-energy-density wound components. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2011, 58(9), 4096-4104.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH, Holliday D. Thermal modeling of a segmented stator winding design. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2011, 47(5), 2023-2030.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH. A general cuboidal element for three-dimensional thermal modelling. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 2010, 46(8), 3197-3200.
• Wrobel R, Mlot A, Mellor PH. Investigation of end-winding proximity losses in electromagnetic devices. In: 19th International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM 2010. 2010, Rome, Italy: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, McNeill N, Mellor PH. Performance analysis and thermal modeling of a high-energy-density prebiased inductor. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 2010, 57(1), 201-208.
• Wrobel R, McNeill N, Mellor PH. Thermal analysis of a high-energy density pre-biased choke. COMPEL - The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2010, 29(5), 1276-1284.
• Wrobel R, Mellor P, Holliday D. Thermal analysis of a segmented stator winding design. In: 2010 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2010 - Proceedings. 2010, Atlanta, GA, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH, McNeill N, Staton DA. Thermal performance of an open-slot modular-wound machine with external rotor. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2010, 25(2), 403-411.
• Wrobel R, Drury D, Mellor PH, Booker JD. Contra-rotating modular wound permanent magnet generator for a wind turbine. In: IET Conference Publications. 2008, York, UK: IET.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH. Design considerations of a direct drive brushless machine with concentrated windings. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2008, 23(1), 1-8.
• Wrobel R, McNeill N, Mellor PH. Design of a High-Temperature Pre-Biased Line Choke for Power Electronics Applications. In: PESC Record - IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 2008, Rhodes, Greece: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, McNeill N, Mellor PH. Thermal analysis of a high energy density pre-biased choke. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Electrical Machines, ICEM'08. 2008, Vilamoura, Portugal: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Budded AS, Holliday D, Mellor PH, Sangha P. Design considerations for permanent magnet brushless machines for zero-speed sensorless position estimation. In: Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society). 2006, Tampa, FL, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH. Particle swarm optimisation for the design of brushless permanent magnet machines. In: Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society). 2006, Tampa, FL, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH. Design considerations of a direct drive brushless PM machine with concentrated windings. In: 2005 IEEE International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives. 2005, San Antonio, TX, USA: IEEE.
• Wrobel R, Mellor PH. The use of a genetic algorithm in the design optimisation of a brushless DC permanent magnet machine rotor. In: Second International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2004). 2004, Edinburgh, UK: IET.
• Wrobel R, Lukaniszyn M, Jagiela M, Latawiec K. A new approach to reduction of the cogging torque in a brushless motor by skewing optimization of permanent magnets. Electrical Engineering 2003, 85(2), 59-69.
• Wrobel R, Lukaniszyn M, Mendrela E. 3D space analysis of magnetic field in a brushless DC Torus motor. COMPEL - The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2000, 19(2), 538-543.