Staff Profile

I research and teach African politics. My current work focuses on the carceral remnants of colonialism.  My previous work explored a range of themes mainly focused on West Africa (Nigeria and Ghana).  These include: Prisons, Pentecostalism,  Hybridity,  NGOs, and Corruption.  I have also written on Developmental States and Political Economy Analysis used by Development actors. 

Qualifications:

PhD International Politics, Aberystwyth University 2006-2010: The negotiation of 'corruption' by NGOs in Eastern Nigeria: Engagements with local culture and global governance. [ESRC Funded]

MSc (Econ) Postcolonial Politics, University of Wales Aberystwyth 2004-2005

BSc (Econ) International Relations 2:1, University of Wales Aberystwyth 1995-1998

Previous Appointments Held:

Research Associate: Effective States and Inclusive Development Research Centre University of Manchester.  June 2011 – July 2012

Teaching Assistant:  School of Geography, Politics and Sociology Newcastle University. September 2010 – May 2011

Memberships:

• Member of Royal African Society and the African Studies Association of the UK
• Member of British International Studies Association

• Member of BISA Africa and International Studies working group.
• Member of BISA Colonial Postcolonial Decolonial working group

Current Projects: 

Afterlives of colonial incarceration: African prisons, architecture, and politics

Leverhulme Trust funded project (RPG-2021-386) 

Carceral practices were central to colonialism and prisons were often the first buildings erected during the colonisation of Africa. Sites of imprisonment are then key sites of colonial heritage. This project explores the memory politics of former sites of colonial imprisonment in Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. It investigates struggles over how these sites have been repurposed (or not), through the preservation or alteration of buildings and spaces. It illuminates postcolonial tensions around identity, Africa’s place in the international, and imagined futures.

Operation Safe Corridor

Research undertaken with Centre for Democracy and Development, Nigeria.

As part of its attempts to address the threat of Boko Haram in North East Nigeria the Nigerian government under President Muhammadu Buhari set up Operation Safe Corridor (OSC).  OSC is a custodial program, with the major aim to deradicalise, rehabilitate and reintegrate repentant Boko Haram ex-combatants into society. This project examines how the process of rehabilitation and reintegration is being conceived and practiced through OSC.  Key findings have shown the importance of greater involvement of the communities into which ex-combatants are to be reintegrated as well as the need for transparency around how the programme is undertaken and how ex-combatants are screened.  Report available here.    

Previous work: 

The Politics of Prisons: West African prisons and forms of governance

Prisons in Africa were instituted under colonialism with a distinctly different remit and purpose to their contemporary penal institutions in Europe which, following previous reforms, focused on the reformation of the prisoner. Given this institutional history this research aims to understand how the purpose of prisons is understood, both by inmates and prison officers in contemporary postcolonial West Africa.  

Negotiating Corruption: NGOs in Eastern Nigeria

NGOs are usually seen as anti-corruption agents.  This research, based on participant observation and interviews with NGO workers, explores their role in obtaining accountability from the state and the way in which they undertake grey practices in order to get the outcomes that they perceive a fully functioning state would produce.  This complicates their role as anti-corruption agents and also highlights the assumptions within the literature about how the state is held to account. 

Political Economy Analyses for Development

Research on the use of Political Economy Analyses by development agencies tracing the growth of the practice and the purposes that development agencies see the analyses as fulfilling.  I am particularly interested in the ways in which these analyses attempt to present complex situations as knowable and governable. 

PhD Supervision 

Given these themes I would be very interested to supervise PhD students who wanted to examine the following themes in African contexts.  

• Prisons
• The politics of memory / heritage 
• Decolonial / Postcolonial approaches 
• Governance / the state
• NGOs 
• Corruption 

Current PhD Students

Heather Proctor

Yusuf Patel

POL2088 -  The Politics of Africa: Africa's Place in Global Politics 

POL2114 - The Politics of Race 

POL3101 -  Postcolonial Politics

Undergraduate and Postgraduate dissertation supervision

• Routley L. From Prison to Freedom: Overwriting the past, imagining Nigeria. In: Tomkinson J; Mulugeta D; Gallagher J, ed. Architecture and Politics in Africa: Making, living and imagining identities through buildings. London: James Currey, 2022, pp.210-228.
• Hassan I, Routley L. Operation Safe Corridor: The Deradicalisation and Reintegration of ex combatants. Newcastle, 2022.
• Routley L, Wright KAM. Being Indiana Jones in IR: The Pressure to Do ‘Real’ Fieldwork. In: Mac Ginty R; Vogel B; Brett R, ed. The Companion to Peace and Conflict Fieldwork. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021, pp.85-100.
• Routley L. The carceral: Beyond, around, through and within prison walls. Political Geography 2017, 57, 105-108.
• Routley L. Negotiating Corruption: NGOs, Governance and Hybridity in West Africa. London, UK: Routledge, 2016.
• Routley L. Teaching Africa, presenting, representing and the importance of who is in the classroom. Politics 2016, 36(4), 482-494.
• Routley L. Developmental States in Africa?: A Review of Ongoing Debates and Buzzwords. Development Policy Review 2014, 32(2), 159-177.
• Routley L, Hulme D. Donors, Development Agencies and the use of Political Economic Analysis: Getting to grips with the politics of development?. Manchester: University of Manchester, 2013. Available at: http://www.effective-states.org/publications/.
• Routley L. Developmental states: A review of the literature. Manchester: Effective States and Inclusive Development Research Centre, 2012. Available at: http://www.effective-states.org/publications/.
• Routley L. NGOS and the formation of the public: Grey practices and accountability. African Affairs 2012, 111(442), 116-134.
• Routley L. Annotated bibliography on developmental states, political settlements and citizenship formation. Manchester: Effective States and Inclusive Development Research Centre, 2011. Available at: http://www.effective-states.org/publications/.
• Routley L. Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns, Sarah Bracking (eds). Review of African Political Economy 2009, 36(121), 466-467.
• Routley L. Everyday Corruption and the State: Citizens and Public Officials in Africa , Giorgio Blundo and Jean-Pierre Olivier de Sardan with N.B. Arifari and M.T. Alou. Review of African Political Economy 2008, 35(116), 343-356.