Staff Profile

I have been involved with global ageing research since 2010, completing a community-based prevalence study of dementia in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania as part of the Academic Foundation Programme. For my PhD i developed and validated dementia and delirium screening tools for low-literacy populations in Nigeria and Tanzania. (https://www.ideastudy.org)

 My specific interest is ageing with HIV in low and middle-income countries and the specific psychiatric, cognitive and neurological impact of this. Since 2016 I have led the Kilimanjaro HIV dementia study - a longitudinal study (n=253) of neurocognitive ageing in older adults with HIV in Tanzania, with annual follow up and secured funding for a new wave of the study (with MRI brain) in January 2019.

With Dr Ben Mbwele (Mbeya College of Health Sciences) I co-lead a study of cognitive reserve in older people with HIV in Southern Tanzania to which we have recruited >600 older people living with HIV and HIV negative control patients with other chronic health conditions.

More broadly, I am interested in mental health and cognitive impairment in older adults in low/middle income countries (with a focus on development and validation of measures and capacity-building).

• Howarth-Maddison M, Gamassa E, Safic S, Andrea D, Urasa S, Walker RW, Gray WK, Haule I, Dotchin CL, Paddick S-M. Development of a brief screening method for identification of depression in older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. Aging and Mental Health 2021, 26(1), 40-47.
• Stoner CR, Chandra M, Bertrand E, DU B, Durgante H, Klaptocz J, Krishna M, Lakshminarayanan M, Mkenda S, Mograbi DC, Orrell M, Paddick S-M, Vaitheswaran S, Spector A. A New Approach for Developing “Implementation Plans” for Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Results From the CST-International Study. Frontiers in Public Health 2020, 8, 342.
• Paddick S-M, Yoseph M, Gray WK, Andrea D, Barber R, Colgan A, Dotchin C, Urasa S, Kissima J, Haule I, Kisoli A, Rogathi J, Safic S, Mushi D, Robinson L, Walker RW. Effectiveness of App-Based Cognitive Screening for Dementia by Lay Health Workers in Low Resource Settings. A Validation and Feasibility Study in Rural Tanzania. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2021, 34(6), 613-621.
• Kandhari N, Prabhakar M, Shannon O, Fostier W, Koehl C, Rogathi J, Temu G, Stephan BCM, Gray WK, Haule I, Paddick S-M, Mmbaga BT, Walker R, Siervo M. Feasibility and acceptability of a nutritional intervention testing the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice and folic acid on blood pressure in Tanzanian adults with elevated blood pressure. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 2021, 72(2), 195-207.
• Siervo M, Shannon O, Kandhari N, Prabhakar M, Fostier W, Köchl C, Rogathi J, Temu G, Stephan BCM, Gray WK, Haule I, Paddick SM, Mmbaga BT, Walker R. Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Reduces Blood Pressure in Tanzanian Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial. Journal of Nutrition 2020, 150(9), 2460-2468.
• Howorth K, Paddick S-M, Rogathi J, Walker R, Gray W, Oates LL, Andrea D, Safic S, Urasa S, Haule I, Dotchin C. Conceptualization of depression amongst older adults in rural Tanzania: a qualitative study. International Psychogeriatrics 2019, 31(10), 1473-1481.
• Walker R, Paddick S-M. Dementia prevention in low-income and middle-income countries: a cautious step forward. The Lancet Global Health 2019, 7(5), e538-e539.
• Kandhari N, Prabhakar M, Mmbaga BT, Rogathi J, Temu G, Gray WK, Paddick S-M, Walker R, Siervo M. Effects of dietary nitrate and folate supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive Tanzanians: Design and baseline characteristics of a feasibility trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 2019, 16, 100472.
• Olakehinde O, Adebiyi A, Siwoku A, Mkenda S, Paddick S-M, Gray WK, Walker RW, Dotchin CL, Mushi D, Ogunniyi A. Managing dementia in rural Nigeria: feasibility of cognitive stimulation therapy and exploration of clinical improvements. Aging and Mental Health 2019, 23(10), 1377-1381.
• Shannon O, Stephan BCM, Granic A, Lentjes M, Hayat S, Mulligan A, Brayne C, Khaw KT, Bundy R, Aldred S, Hornberger M, Paddick S-M, Muniz-Tererra G, Minihane A-M, Mathers JCM, Siervo M. Mediterranean diet adherence and cognitive function in older UK adults: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2019, 110(4), 938-948.
• Akinyemi RO, Owolabi MO, Ihara M, Damasceno A, Ogunniyi A, Dotchin C, Paddick S-M, Ogeng'o J, Walker R, Kalaria RN. Stroke, cerebrovascular diseases and vascular cognitive impairment in Africa. Brain Research Bulletin 2019, 145, 97-108.
• Heward J, Stone L, Paddick S-M, Mkenda S, Gray WK, Dotchin CL, Kissima J, Collingwood C, Swai B, Walker RW. A longitudinal study of cognitive decline in rural Tanzania: rates and potentially modifiable risk factors. International Psychogeriatrics 2018, 30(9), 1333-1343.
• Paddick SM, Lewis EG, Duinmaijer A, Banks J, Urasa S, Tucker L, Kisoli A, Cletus J, Lissu C, Kissima J, Dotchin C, Gray WK, Muaketova-Ladinska E, Cosker G, Walker RW. Identification of delirium and dementia in older medical inpatients in Tanzania: A comparison of screening and diagnostic methods. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2018, 385, 156-163.
• Stone L, Heward J, Paddick S-M, Dotchin CL, Walker RW, Collingwood C, Thornton J, Yarwood V, McCartney J, Irwin C, Mkenda S, Kissima J, Swai B, Gray WK. Screening for Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Balance Between Task Shifting, Simplicity, Brevity, and Training. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2018, 31(5), 248-255.
• Paddick S-M, Kisoli A, Mkenda S, Mbowe G, Gray WK, Dotchin C, Ogunniyi A, Kisima J, Olakehinde O, Mushi D, Walker RW. Adaptation and validation of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale – Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) in a low-literacy setting in sub-Saharan Africa. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 2017, 29(4), 244-251.
• Paddick S-M, Gray WK, McGuire J, Richardson J, Dotchin C, Walker RW. Cognitive screening tools for identification of dementia in illiterate and low-educated older adults, a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Psychogeriatrics 2017, 29(6), 897-929.
• Paddick S-M, Mkenda S, Mbowe G, Kisoli A, Gray WK, Dotchin CL, Ternent L, Ogunniyi A, Kissima J, Olakehinde O, Mushi D, Walker RW. Cognitive stimulation therapy as a sustainable intervention for dementia in sub-Saharan Africa: feasibility and clinical efficacy using a stepped-wedge design. International Psychogeriatrics 2017, 29(6), 979-989.
• Gray WK, Orega G, Kisoli A, Rogathi J, Paddick S-M, Longdon AR, Walker RW, Dewhurst F, Dewhurst M, Chaote P, Dotchin C. Identifying Frailty and its Outcomes in Older People in Rural Tanzania. Experimental Aging Research 2017, 43(3), 257-273.
• Lewis EG, Banks J, Paddick S-M, Duinmaijer A, Tucker L, Kisoli A, Cletus J, Lissu C, Kilonzo K, Cosker G, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB, Dotchin C, Gray W, Walker R, Urasa S. Risk Factors for Delirium in Older Medical Inpatients in Tanzania. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 2017, 44, 160-170.
• Hindley G, Kissima J, Oates LL, Paddick S-M, Kisoli A, Brandsma C, Gray WK, Walker RW, Mushi D, Dotchin CL. The role of traditional and faith healers in the treatment of dementia in Tanzania and the potential for collaboration with allopathic healthcare services. Age and Ageing 2017, 46(1), 130-137.
• Paddick SM, Kisoli A, Samuel M, Higginson J, Gray WK, Dotchin CL, Longdon AR, Teodorczuk A, Chaote P, Walker RW. Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rural Tanzania: Prevalence, Profile, and Outcomes at 4-Year Follow-up. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2015, 23(9), 950-959.
• Paddick SM, Gray WK, Dotchin C, Kisoli A, Mbowe G, Kisima J, Lwezaula F, Mkenda S, Mushi D, Teodorczuk A, Ogunniyi A, Walker R. Prevalence of delirium in older hospitalised adults in Tanzania. The IDEA (Identification and Interventions for Dementia in Elderly Africans) Study. In: 28th British Neuropsychiatry Association AGM. 2015, London: BMJ Publishing Group.
• Dotchin CL, Paddick S-M, Gray WK, Kisoli A, Orega G, Longdon AR, Chaote P, Dewhurst F, Dewhurst M, Walker RW. The association between disability and cognitive impairment in an elderly Tanzanian population. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 2015, 5(1), 57-64.
• Paddick SM, Kalaria RN, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. The prevalence and clinical manifestations of delirium in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review with inferences. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2015, 348(1-2), 6-17.
• Paddick SM, Dotchin C, Gray WK, Kisoli A, Kisima J, Chaote P, Walker R. Utility of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for identification of dementia in a low-literacy setting in rural Tanzania. In: British Geriatrics Society Communications to the Spring Meeting. 2015, Nottingham, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Paddick S-M, Longdon A, Gray WK, Dotchin C, Kisoli A, Chaote P, Walker R. The association between educational level and dementia in rural Tanzania Associação entre nível educacional e demência na zona rural da Tanzânia. Dementia e Neuropsychologia 2014, 8(2), 117-125.
• Grey K, Longdon A, Paddick S, Kisoli A, Dotchin C, Gray W, Dehurst F, Chaote P, Teodorczuk A, Dewhurst M, Jusabani A, Walker R. The Prevalence of Dementia Subtypes in Rural Tanzania. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2014.
• Shannon OM, Lee V, Bundy R, Gillings R, Jennings A, Stephan B, Hornberger M, Balanos GM, Paddick SM, Hanson S, Hardeman W, Holmes R, Garner N, Aldred S, Siervo M, Mathers JCM, Minihane AM. Feasibility and acceptability of a multi-domain intervention to increase Mediterranean diet adherence and physical activity in older UK adults at risk of dementia: protocol for the MedEx-UK randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021, 11(2), e042823.
• Yemm H, Robinson L, Paddick SM, Dotchin C, Goodson ML, Narytnyk A, Poole M, Mc Ardle R. Instrumental activities of daily living scales to detect cognitive impairment and dementia in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2021, 83(1), 451-474.
• Bristow C, George G, Hillsmith G, Rainey E, Urasa S, Koipapi S, Kisoli A, Boni J, Saria GA, Ranasinghe S, Joseph M, Gray WK, Dekker M, Walker RW, Dotchin CL, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Howlett W, Makupa P, Paddick S-M. Low levels of frailty in HIV-positive older adults on antiretroviral therapy in northern Tanzania. Journal of NeuroVirology 2021, 27(1), 58-69.
• Mlaki DA, Asmal L, Paddick S-M, Gray WK, Dotchin C, Walker R. Prevalence and associated factors of depression among older adults in rural Tanzania. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2021, 36(10), 1559-1566.
• McGrattan AM, Zhu Y, Richardson CD, Mohan D, Soh YC, Sajjad A, Aller CV, Chen S, Paddick SM, Prina M, Siervo M, Robinson LA, Stephan BCM. Prevalence and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2021, 79(2), 743-762.
• Yoseph M, Paddick S-M, Gray WK, Andrea D, Barber R, Colgan A, Dotchin C, Urasa S, Kisoli A, Kissima J, Haule I, Rogathi J, Safic S, Mushi D, Robinson L, Walker RW. Prevalence estimates of dementia in older adults in rural Kilimanjaro 2009–2010 and 2018–2019: is there evidence of changing prevalence?. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2021, 36(6), 950-959.
• Fotheringham L, Paddick S-M, Barron Millar E, Norman C, Lukose A, Walker R, Varghese M. Screening tools for common mental disorders in older adults in South Asia: A systematic scoping review. International Psychogeriatrics 2022, 34(5), 427-438.
• Paddick SM, Kisoli A, Dotchin CL, Gray WK, Chaote P, Longdon A, Walker RW. Mortality rates in community-dwelling Tanzanians with dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a 4-year follow-up study. Age and Ageing 2015, 44(4), 636-641.
• Paddick SM, Kisoli A, Longdon A, Dotchin C, Gray WK, Chaote P, Teodorczuk A, Walker R. The prevalence and burden of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in rural Tanzania. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2015, 30(8), 815-823.
• Collingwood C, Paddick SM, Kisoli A, Dotchin CL, Gray WK, Mbowe G, Mkenda S, Urasa S, Mushi D, Chaote P, Walker RW. Development and community-based validation of the IDEA study Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IDEA-IADL) questionnaire. Global Health Action 2014, 7, 1-11.
• Gray WK, Paddick SM, Kisoli A, Dotchin CL, Longdon AR, Chaote P, Samuel M, Jusabani AM, Walker RW. Development and Validation of the Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans (IDEA) Study Dementia Screening Instrument. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2014, 27(2), 110-118.
• Paddick S-M, Longdon AR, Kisoli A, Dotchin C, Gray WK, Dewhurst F, Chaote P, Kalaria R, Jusabani AM, Walker R. Dementia prevalence estimates in sub-Saharan Africa: comparison of two diagnostic criteria. Global Health Action 2013, 6, 19646.
• Longdon A, Paddick S, Kisoli A, Dotchin C, Gray W, Dehurst F, Chaote P, Teodorczuk A, Dewhurst M, Jusabani A, Walker R. The prevalence of dementia in rural Tanzania: a cross-sectional community based study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2013, 28(7), 728-737.