Staff Profile

Position

Professor David T. Thwaites is the Professor of Epithelial Physiology in the Newcastle University Biosciences Institute & The Physiological Society Momentum Fellow (Research).

Areas of Expertise

Our main area of interest is the physiological function of membrane transporters in eukaryotes. The investigations range from molecular to whole organism and include analysis of the:

• structure-function relationships of individual nutrient and drug transporters
• physiological and pathophysiological characteristics of epithelial transport in the mammalian small intestine and kidney
• role of membrane transporters in symbiotic relationships in invertebrates
• role of amino acid transport in cancer cells

Qualifications

1997-1998 Certificate in Teaching & Learning, Newcastle University

1986-1989 PhD, Physiology, University of Liverpool

1983-1986 BSc (Hons), Physiological Sciences, Newcastle University

Previous positions

2007- Professor of Epithelial Physiology, Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University

2001-2007 Reader in Gastrointestinal Physiology, Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University

1997-2001 Lecturer, Physiological Sciences, Newcastle University

1993-1997 Wellcome Trust Research Fellow, Physiological Sciences, Newcastle University

1994 European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO) Fellow, Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland

1989-1993 Research Associate, Physiological Sciences, Newcastle University

Membership of Learned Societies

Fellow of The Physiological Society (FPhysiol)

Fellow of the British Pharmacological Society (FBPhS)

Royal Entomological Society

Appointments & Awards

2022-2024 The Physiological Society Momentum Fellowship (Research)

2020-2023 Elected Professorial Senate member of Newcastle University Council 

2020 Invited Keynote speaker, Comparative Physiology satellite symposium, Europhysiology 2020 (Berlin). Cancelled due to Covid & delivered to The Physiological Society 2021.

2019 Elected, Fellow of the British Pharmacological Society (FBPhS)

2018-2021 Elected Professorial member Newcastle University Senate 

2017 Elected, Fellow of The Physiological Society (FPhysiol)

2015 External reviewer, MRes courses, PG Medicine Periodic Review, Liverpool University

2015 External assessor for Physiology, Research Quality Review, University College Cork, Ireland

2013 Organiser, IUPS 2013 symposium “Solute and ion cotransporters and exchangers at atomic resolution”, Birmingham

2013 Organiser, Physiological Society/APS symposium “Fishing with flies, worms and bacteria: emerging models for mammalian membrane transport and trafficking”, Boston, USA

2012-2016 Member of The Physiological Society Meetings Committee

2012-2015 Elected Council Member & Non-Executive Trustee, The Physiological Society

2012-2015 Editorial Board, British Journal of Pharmacology

2012-2013 Editor, Gastrointestinal Section, Current Opinion in Pharmacology

2012 Member of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) strategic working group “Scientists in Gastroenterology”

2012 Organiser, Physiology@Newcastle meeting

2011 Invited lecture, AAPS meeting, Washington, USA

2010-2013 Member of the international & local scientific programme committees (ISPC & LSPC) for the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) 2013 conference

2010 Invited lecture, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Basingstoke

2010 External Examiner, BSc (Hons), Australian National University, Canberra, Australia

2009-2011 Panel Member, Wellcome Trust Physiological Sciences Funding Committee

2009 Organiser, The Physiological Society symposium “Do protons perform useful work? Sensing, signalling, symport & cycling”, Dublin, Ireland

2008-2010, External Examiner, MRes in Biomedical Sciences, Liverpool University

2008 Invited lecture, Rank Prize Funds Mini-Symposium, Windermere

2008 Organiser, Rank Prize Symposium on “Recent Advances in Nutrient Transport”

2007-2012 The Physiological Society Rep for Newcastle University

2006 Invited lecture, Digestion, Diet & Health meeting, Manchester

2006 Invited lecture, UK/Brazilian Physiological Society meeting, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil

2006 Invited lecture, German Physiological Society/FEPs meeting, Munich, Germany

2005 Invited lecture, University of Barcelona, Spain

2005 Invited lecture, 10th International Proton Transport Conference, San Diego, USA

2005 Organiser, Physiological Society/FEPS symposium “New Aspects of Sugar Absorption: Transport & Sensing”, Bristol

2005 Invited lecture, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

2004-2010 Convenor of the ERG (Epithelial Research Group), a faculty strategic research group

2004 Invited lecture, Experimental Biology, Washington, USA

2004 Co-organiser, Transporters 2004 meeting, Cambridge

2003 Invited lecture, International Conference on Amino Acids and Proteins, Rome, Italy

2003 Organiser, The Physiological symposium "Epithelial Electrolyte Transport: Multi-Tasking & Hidden Talents", Newcastle upon Tyne

2003 Organiser, The Physiological Society symposium "Transport & Signalling: From Gut to Brain and Back Again", Newcastle upon Tyne

2003 Co-organiser, The Physiological Society meeting, Newcastle upon Tyne

2002-2008 Lecturer, PhD course on Biological Membranes, Drug Targets & Absorption Barriers, University of Copenhagen, Denmark

2002 Invited lecture, Transporters 2002, Germany

2002 Scientific Board Member, International Meeting on Transporters 2002, Germany

2001 Organiser, The Physiological Society symposium "Transporting the Essentials: Nutrient & Micronutrient Transporters", York

2001 Invited lecture, Rank Prize Funds Mini-Symposium, Grasmere

2000 Elected member of the British Pharmacological Society

2000-2004 Editorial Board, British Journal of Pharmacology

2000 Invited lecture, BBSRC Workshop, Warwick

1999-2005 Convenor of the Gastrointestinal Tract Special Interest Group, The Physiological Society

1999-2005 MRC Career Establishment Award

1999 Invited lecture, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA

1999 Organiser, The Physiological Society symposium "The Gut: Diet & Health", Newcastle upon Tyne

1999 Co-organiser, The Physiological Society meeting, Newcastle upon Tyne

1999 Invited lecture, Drug Metabolism Meeting, Warwick

1998 Invited lecture, Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich

1997 Invited lecture, International Congress on Amino Acids, Greece

1997 Invited lecture, FASEB Summer Research Conference, Colorado, USA

1997 Invited lecture, Wyeth-Ayerst, New York, USA

1996-1997 Consultant, European Advisory Board on Antibiotic Absorption

1996 Invited lecture, Wyeth-Ayerst, Paris, France

1995 Awarded The Physiological Society Glaxo-Wellcome Prize.

1994 Invited lecture, Ciba Pharmaceuticals, Horsham

1994 CIBA ACE award for collaboration in Europe

1994 Elected member of The Physiological Society

1994 European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO) Fellowship, University of Zürich, Switzerland

1993-1997 Wellcome Trust Research Fellowship, Newcastle University

1993 Invited lecture, NATO Advanced Research Workshop, York

Research Interests

Membrane transporters are the gatekeepers of all cells and organelles, controlling influx and efflux of essential organic and inorganic solutes, drugs and excretory products. Each individual cell type possesses a unique, large and diverse complement of membrane transport proteins to enable that cell to interact with its environment to import and export all material essential for life. Carrier-mediated transmembrane transport is essential in nutrient absorption from diet, neurotransmission, drug transport, osmoregulation, pH homeostasis and in the supply of components for cell growth, protein synthesis and energy production. Previously unidentified transport systems play fundamental roles in organismal biology but their importance has been over looked. New transport systems are emerging as potential therapeutic targets. The overall aim of our studies is to identify the basic functional characteristics of individual transport systems so that the physiological and pathophysiological roles can be identified and rational approaches to drug design be developed. The research falls into a number of key areas:

• Structure and function of nutrient and drug transporters
• Epithelial transport in the small intestine and kidney: physiology & pathophysiology
• The role of membrane transporters in symbiotic relationships in invertebrates
• The role of pH homeostatic mechanisms in membrane transport
• Amino acid transport in cancer cells

Novel transport proteins are characterised functionally by a combination of flux measurements, imaging and electrophysiological techniques using isolated cells or mammalian cell culture. Heterologous expression of novel transporters is accomplished using the Xenopus expression system.

Undergraduate Teaching

2014-2019 Curriculum Chair, Physiological Sciences Degree Programme

Module Leader & Lecturer, PSC3011 Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract I

Module Leader & Lecturer, PSC3012 Integrated Physiology

Module Leader & Lecturer, PSC3013 Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract II

Lecturer, PSC2018 Human Anatomy for Physiologists

Project Supervisor, CMB3000 Research Projects

Postgraduate Teaching

PhD supervisor

Previous Teaching

1997-2003 Lecturer, Gastrointestinal Physiology, Stage 1 BDS

1997-2017 Seminar Leader, Stage 1 MBBS

• Anderson CMH, Edwards N, Watson AK, Althaus M, Thwaites DT. Reshaping the binding pocket of the Neurotransmitter:Solute Symporter (NSS) family transporter SLC6A14 (ATB^0,+) selectively reduces access for cationic amino acids and derivatives. Biomolecules 2022, 12, 1404.
• Alexander SP, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Southan C, Davies JA, Amarosi L, Anderson CMH, Beart PM, Broer S, Dawson PA, Hagenbuch B, Hammond JR, Inui KI, Kanai Y, Kemp S, Stewart G, Thwaites DT, Verri T. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Transporters. British Journal of Pharmacology 2021, 178 (Suppl 1), S412-S513.
• Anderson CM, Thwaites DT. SLC36 family of proton-coupled amino acid transporters in GtoPdb v.2021. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE 2021, 2021(3).
• Thwaites DT, Verri T. SLC15 family of peptide transporters in GtoPdb v.2021.3. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE 2021, 2021(3).
• Alexander SPH, Kelly E, Mathie A, Peters JA, Veale EL, Armstrong JF, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Davies JA, Anderson CMH, Bröer S, Dawson P, Hagenbuch B, Hammond JR, Hancox J, Inui KI, Kanai Y, Kemp S, Thwaites DT, Verri T. THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2019/20: Transporters. British Journal of Pharmacology 2019, 176 (Suppl 1), S397-S493.
• Anderson CMH, Thwaites DT. SLC36 family of proton-coupled amino acid transporters (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE 2019, 2019(4).
• Thwaites DT, Verri T. SLC15 family of peptide transporters (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE 2019, 2019(4).
• Major P, Sendra K, Dean P, Williams TA, Watson AK, Thwaites DT, Embley TM, Hirt RP. A new family of cell surface located purine transporters in Microsporidia and related fungal endoparasites. eLife 2019, 8, e47037.
• Feng H, Edwards N, Anderson CMH, Althaus M, Duncan RP, Hsu Y-C, Luetje CW, Price DRG, Wilson ACC, Thwaites DT. Trading amino acids at the aphid–Buchnera symbiotic interface. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2019, 116(32), 16003-16011.
• Palazzolo L, Paravicini C, Laurenzi T, Adobati S, Saporiti S, Guerrini U, Gianazza E, Indiveri C, Anderson CMH, Thwaites DT, Eberini I. SLC6A14, a Pivotal Actor on Cancer Stage: When Function Meets Structure. SLAS Discovery 2019, 24(9), 928-938.
• Edwards N, Anderson CMH, Conlon NJ, Watson AK, Hall RJ, Cheek TR, Embley TM, Thwaites DT. Resculpting the binding pocket of APC superfamily LeuT-fold amino acid transporters. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2018, 75(5), 921-938.
• Alexander SP, Kelly E, Marrion NV, Peters JA, Faccenda E, Harding SD, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Southan C, Buneman OP, Cidlowski JA, Christopoulos A, Davenport AP, Fabbro D, Spedding M, Striessnig J, Davies JA, Abbracchio MP, Aldrich R, Al-Hosaini K, Arumugam TV, Attali B, Bäck M, Barnes NM, Bathgate R, Beart PM, Becirovic E, Bettler B, Biel M, Birdsall NJ, Blaho V, Boison D, Bräuner-Osborne H, Bröer S, Bryant C, Burnstock G, Calo G, Catterall WA, Ceruti S, Chan SL, Chandy KG, Chazot P, Chiang N, Chun JJ, Chung JJ, Clapham DE, Clapp L, Connor MA, Cox HM, Davies P, Dawson PA, Decaen P, Dent G, Doherty P, Douglas SD, Dubocovich ML, Fong TM, Fowler CJ, Frantz A, Fuller P, Fumagalli M, Futerman AH, Gainetdinov RR, Gershengorn MA, Goldin A, Goldstein S, Goudet C, Gregory K, Grissmer S, Gundlach AL, Hagenbuch B, Hamann J, Hammond JR, Hancox JC, Hanson J, Hanukoglu I, Hay DL, Hobbs AJ, Hollenberg AN, Holliday ND, Hoyer D, Ijzerman AP, Inui KI, Irving AJ, Ishii S, Jacobson KA, Jan LY, Jarvis MF, Jensen R, Jockers R, Kaczmarek LK, Kanai Y, Karnik S, Kellenberger S, Kemp S, Kennedy C, Kerr ID, Kihara Y, Kukkonen J, Larhammar D, Leach K, Lecca D, Leeman S, Leprince J, Lolait SJ, Macewan D, Maguire JJ, Marshall F, Mazella J, Mcardle CA, Michel MC, Miller LJ, Mitolo V, Mizuno H, Monk PN, Mouillac B, Murphy PM, Nahon JL, Nerbonne J, Nichols CG, Norel X, Offermanns S, Palmer LG, Panaro MA, Papapetropoulos A, Perez-Reyes E, Pertwee RG, Pintor S, Pisegna JR, Plant LD, Poyner DR, Prossnitz ER, Pyne S, Ramachandran R, Ren D, Rondard P, Ruzza C, Sackin H, Sanger G, Sanguinetti MC, Schild L, Schiöth H, Schulte G, Schulz S, Segaloff DL, Serhan CN, Singh KD, Slesinger PA, Snutch TP, Sobey CG, Stewart G, Stoddart LA, Summers RJ, Szabo C, Thwaites D, Toll L, Trimmer JS, Tucker S, Vaudry H, Verri T, Vilargada JP, Waldman SA, Ward DT, Waxman SG, Wei AD, Willars GB, Wong SS, Woodruff TM, Wulff H, Ye RD, Yung Y, Zajac JM. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2017/18: Overview. British Journal of Pharmacology 2017, 174(S1), S1-S16.
• Edwards N, Rice SJ, Raman S, Hynes AM, Srivastava S, Moore I, Al-Hamed M, Xu Y, Santibanez-Koref M, Thwaites DT, Gale D, Sayer JA. A novel LMX1B mutation in a family with end-stage renal disease of ‘unknown cause’. Clinical Kidney Journal 2015, 8(1), 113-119.
• Rhodes HL, Yarram-Smith L, Rice SJ, Tabaksert A, Edwards N, Smithson S, Woodward MN, Tomson C, Welsh GI, Williams M, Thwaites D, Sayer JA, Coward RJM. Clinical and Genetic Analysis of a Cohort of English Cystinuria Patients. In: 52nd ERA-EDTA Congress. 2015, London, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Rhodes HL, Yarram L, Rice SJ, Tabaksert A, Edwards N, Hartley A, Woodward MN, Smithson SL, Tomson C, Welsh GI, Williams M, Thwaites DT, Sayer JA, Coward RJM. Clinical and genetic analysis of patients with cystinuria in the UK. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2015, 10(7), 1235-1245.
• Halbritter J, Baum M, Hynes AM, Rice SJ, Thwaites DT, Gucev ZS, Fisher B, Spaneas L, Porath JD, Braun DA, Wassner AJ, Nelson CP, Tasic V, Sayer JA, Hildebrandt F. Fourteen Monogenic Genes Account for 15% of Nephrolithiasis/Nephrocalcinosis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2015, 26(3), 543-551.
• Rice S, Edwards N, Sayer J, Thwaites D. The Effect of a Novel rBAT Mutation on the Expression and Function of System b(o,+). In: Experimental Biology 2015. 2015, Boston, USA: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
• Rice SJ, Edwards N, Sayer JA, Thwaites DT. The novel rBAT mutation Y579D and activity of the amino acid transporter System b^0,+. In: Physiology 2015. 2015, Cardiff: The Physiological Society.
• Rice SJ, Thwaites DT, Halbritter J, Sayer JA. Cystinuria revisited: presentations with calcium-containing stones demands vigilance and screening in the stone clinic. Medical & Surgical Urology 2014, 3(3), 1-2.
• Thwaites DT. Fishing with flies, worms and bacteria: emerging models for mammalian membrane transport and trafficking. Journal of Physiology 2014, 592, 861-861.
• Thwaites DT. Go with the flow – membrane transport in the gut. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2013, 13, 843-846.
• Conlon NJ, Edwards N, Anderson CMH, Cheek TR, Thwaites DT. Rheogenic amino acid transport by Drosophila CG4991 of the Amino Acid Auxin Permease (AAAP) transporter family. FASEB Journal 2013, 27, 732-735.
• Alexander SP, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, McGrath JC, Catterall WA, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ, Abul-Hasn N, Anderson CM, Anderson CM, Araiksinen MS, Arita M, Arthofer E, Barker EL, Barratt C, Barnes NM, Bathgate R, Beart PM, Belelli D, Bennett AJ, Birdsall NJ, Boison D, Bonner TI, Brailsford L, Bröer S, Brown P, Calo G, Carter WG, Catterall WA, Chan SL, Chao MV, Chiang N, Christopoulos A, Chun JJ, Cidlowski J, Clapham DE, Cockcroft S, Connor MA, Cox HM, Cuthbert A, Dautzenberg FM, Davenport AP, Dawson PA, Dent G, Dijksterhuis JP, Dollery CT, Dolphin AC, Donowitz M, Dubocovich ML, Eiden L, Eidne K, Evans BA, Fabbro D, Fahlke C, Farndale R, Fitzgerald GA, Fong TM, Fowler CJ, Fry JR, Funk CD, Futerman AH, Ganapathy V, Gaisnier B, Gershengorn MA, Goldin A, Goldman ID, Gundlach AL, Hagenbuch B, Hales TG, Hammond JR, Hamon M, Hancox JC, Hauger RL, Hay DL, Hobbs AJ, Hollenberg MD, Holliday ND, Hoyer D, Hynes NA, Inui KI, Ishii S, Jacobson KA, Jarvis GE, Jarvis MF, Jensen R, Jones CE, Jones RL, Kaibuchi K, Kanai Y, Kennedy C, Kerr ID, Khan AA, Klienz MJ, Kukkonen JP, Lapoint JY, Leurs R, Lingueglia E, Lippiat J, Lolait SJ, Lummis SC, Lynch JW, MacEwan D, Maguire JJ, Marshall IL, May JM, McArdle CA, McGrath JC, Michel MC, Millar NS, Miller LJ, Mitolo V, Monk PN, Moore PK, Moorhouse AJ, Mouillac B, Murphy PM, Neubig RR, Neumaier J, Niesler B, Obaidat A, Offermanns S, Ohlstein E, Panaro MA, Parsons S, Pertwee RG, Petersen J, Pin JP, Poyner DR, Prigent S, Prossnitz ER, Pyne NJ, Pyne S, Quigley JG, Ramachandran R, Richelson EL, Roberts RE, Roskoski R, Ross RA, Roth M, Rudnick G, Ryan RM, Said SI, Schild L, Sanger GJ, Scholich K, Schousboe A, Schulte G, Schulz S, Serhan CN, Sexton PM, Sibley DR, Siegel JM, Singh G, Sitsapesan R, Smart TG, Smith DM, Soga T, Stahl A, Stewart G, Stoddart LA, Summers RJ, Thorens B, Thwaites DT, Toll L, Traynor JR, Usdin TB, Vandenberg RJ, Villalon C, Vore M, Waldman SA, Ward DT, Willars GB, Wonnacott SJ, Wright E, Ye RD, Yonezawa A, Zimmermann M. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: Overview. British Journal of Pharmacology 2013, 170(8), 1449-1458.
• Thwaites DT. News from the dark side!. Journal of Physiology 2012, 590(24), 6255-6256.
• Edwards N, Anderson CMH, Gatfield KM, Jevons MP, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. Amino acid derivatives are substrates or non-transported inhibitors of the amino acid transporter PAT2 (slc36a2). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Biomembranes 2011, 1808(1), 260-270.
• Thwaites DT, Anderson CMH. The SLC36 family of proton-coupled amino acid transporters and their potential role in drug transport. British Journal of Pharmacology 2011, 164(7), 1802-1816.
• Anderson CMH, Thwaites DT. Hijacking solute carriers for proton-coupled drug transport. Physiology 2010, 25(6), 364-377.
• Anderson CMH, Jevons M, Thangaraju M, Edwards N, Conlon NJ, Woods S, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. Transport of the Photodynamic Therapy Agent 5-Aminolevulinic Acid by Distinct H+-Coupled Nutrient Carriers Coexpressed in the Small Intestine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2010, 332(1), 220-228.
• Anderson CMH, Howard A, Walters JRF, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. Taurine uptake across the human intestinal brush-border membrane is via two transporters: H⁺-coupled PAT1 (SLC36A1) and Na⁺- and Cl^--dependent TauT (SLC6A6). Journal of Physiology 2009, 587(4), 731-744.
• Anderson CMH, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. Human solute carrier SLC6A14 is the β-alanine carrier. Journal of Physiology 2008, 586(17), 4061-4067.
• Thwaites DT, Anderson CMH. Deciphering the mechanisms of intestinal imino (and amino) acid transport: The redemption of SLC36A1. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Biomembranes 2007, 1768(2), 179-197.
• Thwaites DT, Anderson CMH. H⁺-coupled nutrient, micronutrient and drug transporters in the mammalian small intestine. Experimental Physiology 2007, 92(4), 603-619.
• Anderson CMH, Thwaites DT. Regulation of intestinal hPepT1 (SLC15A1) activity by phosphodiesterase inhibitors is via inhibition of NHE3 (SLC9A3). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Biomembranes 2007, 1768(7), 1822-1829.
• Abbot EL, Grenade DS, Kennedy DJ, Gatfield KM, Thwaites DT. Vigabatrin transport across the human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) brush-border membrane is via the H⁺-coupled amino-acid transporter hPAT1. British Journal of Pharmacology 2006, 147(3), 298-306.
• Kennedy DJ, Raldua D, Thwaites DT. Dual modes of 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride modulation of apical dipeptide uptake in the human small intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2005, 62(14), 1621-1631.
• Anderson CMH, Thwaites DT. Indirect regulation of the intestinal H⁺-coupled amino acid transporter hPAT1 (SLC36A1). Journal of Cellular Physiology 2005, 204(2), 604-613.
• Miyauchi S, Abbot EL, Zhuang L, Subramanian R, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. Isolation and function of the amino acid transporter PAT1 (SLC36A1) from rabbit and discrimination between transport via PAT1 and system IMINO in renal brush-border membrane vesicles. Molecular Membrane Biology 2005, 22(6), 549-559.
• Kennedy DJ, Gatfield KM, Winpenny JP, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. Substrate specificity and functional characterisation of the H⁺/amino acid transporter rat PAT2 (SLC36A2). British Journal of Pharmacology 2005, 144(1), 28-41.
• Anderson CMH, Grenade DS, Boll M, Foltz M, Wake KA, Kennedy DJ, Munck LK, Miyauchi S, Taylor PM, Campbell FC, Munck BG, Daniel H, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. H⁺/amino acid transporter 1 (PAT1) is the imino acid carrier: An intestinal nutrient/drug transporter in human and rat. Gastroenterology 2004, 127(5), 1410-1422.
• Anderson CMH, Mendoza ME, Kennedy DJ, Raldua D, Thwaites DT. Inhibition of intestinal dipeptide transport by the neuropeptide VIP is an anti-absorptive effect via the VPAC₁ receptor in a human enterocyte-like cell line (Caco-2). British Journal of Pharmacology 2003, 138(4), 564-573.
• Chen Z, Fei Y-J Y, Anderson CMH, Wake K, Miyauchi S, Huang W, Thwaites DT, Ganapathy V. Structure, function and immunolocalization of a proton-coupled amino acid transporter (hPAT1) in the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Journal of Physiology 2003, 546(2), 349-361.
• Chen Z, Kennedy DJ, Wake KA, Zhuang L, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. Structure, tissue expression pattern, and function of the amino acid transporter rat PAT2. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2003, 304(4), 747-754.
• Boll M, Foltz M, Anderson CMH, Oechsler C, Kottra G, Thwaites DT, Daniel H. Substrate recognition by the mammalian proton-dependent amino acid transporter PAT1. Molecular Membrane Biology 2003, 20(3), 261-269.
• Thwaites DT, Kennedy D, Raldua D, Anderson CMH, Mendoza ME, Bladen C, Simmons N. H⁺/dipeptide absorption across the human intestinal epithelium is controlled indirectly via a functional Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger. Gastroenterology 2002, 122(5), 1322-1333.
• Kennedy DJ, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V, Thwaites DT. Optimal absorptive transport of the dipeptide glycylsarcosine is dependent on functional Na⁺/H⁺ exchange activity. Pfluegers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology 2002, 445(1), 139-146.
• Kennedy DJ, Thwaites DT. Optimal dipeptide uptake across the apical membrane of human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers is dependent on functional NHE3 activity. Journal of Physiology 2002, 539(supplement), 10P-11P.
• Glanville M, Kingscote S, Thwaites DT, Simmons NL. Expression and role of sodium, potassium, chloride cotransport (NKCC1) in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-K2) epithelial cells. Pfluegers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology 2001, 443(1), 123-131.
• McCloy LRR, Taylor PM, Thwaites DT. Neutral amino acid transport via system L at the basolateral membrane of human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. In: Meeting of the Physiological Society. 2001, Sheffield, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Anderson CMH, Raldua D, Simmons NL, Thwaites DT. pH-dependent forskolin modulation of beta-alanine uptake at the apical surface of Caco-2 cell monolayers. In: Meeting of the Physiological Society. 2001, Sheffield, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Kennedy DJ, Thwaites DT. The selective NHE3 inhibitor S1611 modulates dipeptide transport across human intestinal (Caco-2) cell monolayers. In: Journal of Physiology. 2001, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
• Thwaites DT, Basterfield L, McCleave P, Carter S, Simmons NL. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport across human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cell monolayers. British Journal of Pharmacology 2000, 129(3), 457-464.
• Christie GR, Thwaites DT. Isolation and functional expression of the mouse intestinal dipeptide transporter, mPepT1. In: JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON. 2000.
• Kennedy DJ, Raldua D, Simmons NL, Thwaites DT. Optimization of dipeptide uptake at the apical membrane of human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers requires co-operative activity of the di/tripeptide transporter hPepT1 and the Na+-H+ exchanger NHE3. In: JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON. 2000.
• Thwaites DT, Raldua D, Simmons NL. Regulation of dipeptide uptake in Caco-2 cell monolayers by vasoactive intestinal peptide and guanylin. In: JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON. 2000.
• Marcaggi P, Thwaites DT, Deitmer JW, Coles JA. Chloride-dependent transport of NH₄⁺ into bee retinal glial cells. European Journal of Neuroscience 1999, 11(1), 167-177.
• Thwaites DT, Ford D, Glanville M, Simmons NL. H⁺/solute-induced intracellular acidification leads to selective activation of apical Na⁺/H⁺ exchange in human intestinal epithelial cells. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1999, 104(5), 629-635.
• Thwaites DT, Stevens BC. H⁺-zwitterionic amino acid symport at the brush-border membrane of human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. Experimental Physiology 1999, 84(2), 275-284.
• Ford D, Thwaites D, Simmons N, Gilbert H, Hirst B. Substrate upregulation of the human small intestinal peptide transporter, hPepT1. Journal of Physiology 1998, 507(3), 697-706.
• Thwaites DT. H⁺/amino acid symport in intestinal epithelia. Amino Acids 1997, 13(1), 49.
• Thwaites DT, Markovich D, Murer H, Simmons NL. Na⁺-independent lysine transport in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Journal of Membrane Biology 1996, 151(3), 215-224.
• Thwaites DT, Cavet M, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor transport in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. British Journal of Pharmacology 1995, 114(5), 981-986.
• Thwaites DT, Armstrong G, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. D-Cycloserine transport in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells is mediated by a H⁺-coupled amino acid transporter. British Journal of Pharmacology 1995, 115(5), 761-766.
• Freeman TC, Bentsen BS, Thwaites DT, Simmons NL. H⁺/di-tripeptide transporter (PepT1) expression in the rabbit intestine. Pfluegers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology 1995, 430(3), 394-400.
• Thwaites DT, McEwan GTA, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. H⁺-coupled alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid transport in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Biomembranes 1995, 1234(1), 111-118.
• Wenzel U, Thwaites DT, Daniel H. Stereoselective uptake of beta-lactam antibiotics by the intestinal peptide transporter. British Journal of Pharmacology 1995, 116(7), 3021-3027.
• Thwaites DT, McEwan GTA, Simmons NL. The role of the proton electrochemical gradient in the transepithelial absorption of amino acids by human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. Journal of Membrane Biology 1995, 145(3), 245-256.
• Thwaites DT, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. H⁺-coupled solute transport in cultured intestinal epithelia. In: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of H⁺ Transport. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1994, pp.283-296.
• Thwaites DT, McEwan GTA, Brown CDA, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. L-Alanine absorption in human intestinal cells driven by the proton electrochemical gradient. Journal of Membrane Biology 1994, 140(2), 143-151.
• Thwaites DT, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. Substrate specificity of the di/tripeptide transporter in human intestinal epithelia (Caco-2): identification of substrates that undergo H⁺-coupled absorption. British Journal of Pharmacology 1994, 113(3), 1050-1056.
• Thwaites DT, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. Direct assessment of dipeptide/H⁺ symport in intact human intestinal (Caco-2) epithelium: a novel method utilising continuous intracellular pH measurement. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1993, 194(1), 432-438.
• Thwaites DT, McEwan GTA, Cook MJ, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. H⁺-coupled (Na⁺-independent) proline transport in human intestinal (Caco-2) epithelial cell monolayers. FEBS Letters 1993, 333(1-2), 78-82.
• Thwaites DT, Brown CDA, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. H⁺-coupled dipeptide (glycylsarcosine) transport across apical and basal borders of human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers display distinctive characteristics. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Biomembranes 1993, 1151(2), 237-245.
• Thwaites DT, McEwan GTA, Brown CDA, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. Na⁺-independent, H⁺-coupled transepithelial beta-alanine absorption by human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1993, 268, 18438-18441.
• Thwaites DT, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. Passive transepithelial absorption of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) via a paracellular route in cultured intestinal and renal epithelial cell lines. Pharmaceutical Research 1993, 10(5), 674-681.
• Thwaites DT, Simmons NL, Hirst BH. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) uptake in intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles: comparison with proton-coupled dipeptide and Na⁺-coupled glucose transport. Pharmaceutical Research 1993, 10(5), 667-673.
• Thwaites DT, McEwan GTA, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. Transepithelial dipeptide (glycylsarcosine) transport across epithelial monolayers of human Caco-2 cells is rheogenic. Pfluegers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology 1993, 425(1-2), 178-180.
• Thwaites DT, Brown CDA, Hirst BH, Simmons NL. Transepithelial glycylsarcosine transport in intestinal Caco-2 cells mediated by expression of H⁺-coupled carriers at both apical and basal membranes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1993, 268(11), 7640-7642.