Staff Profile

Background

I studied for a PhD within the Hydrogeochemical Engineering Research and Outreach (HERO) Group in the School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences at Newcastle and became a Research Associate within the same group in 2002 followed by a Senior Research Associate in the School of Engineering in 2022. My main research interests focus on mine water pollution, principally the remediation of metal mine discharges and the source, transport and fate of metals on a river catchment scale. I also have interests in hydrogeology, groundwater and hydrogeochemcial modelling, coupled groundwater flow and heat transport modelling, ground source heat and object-oriented programming.

Qualifications

PhD "Modelling pyrite oxidation and pollutant transport in mine wastes using an object-oriented particle tracking code" (Newcastle University, 2003)

MSc Water Resource Systems Engineering (Newcastle University, 1998)

BSc Geology (Durham University, 1997)

Industrial Experience

I have undertaken a range of consultancy work for national and international organisations including Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd, UK Coal Ltd, Maltby Colliery Ltd, Sherburn Stone Co Ltd, EasiGeothermal Ltd, Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (WWT)

Research Interests

Mine water pollution, prinicpally the remediation of metal mine discharges, and the source, transport and fate of metals on a river catchment scale.

Hydrogeology, groundwater and hydrogeochemcial modelling, coupled groundwater flow and heat transport modelling, ground source heat and object-oriented programming.

Postgraduate Supervision

Second supervisor to PhD student studying hydraulic residence time in passive mine water treatment systems (completed 2011)

Part supervisor to PhD student studying the sources, fate and dynamics of abandoned metal mine water pollutants (completed 2012)

Second supervisor to PhD student studying the resource potential of abandoned mine sites and of mine waters (completed 2016)

Second supervisor to PhD student studying the source, transport and fate of rare earth elements (REE) in UK mining districts (2014 - 2019)

Esteem Indicators

Guest editor of a special issue of the Journal "Mine Water and the Environment" on mine water rebound

Guest editor of a special issue of the Journal "Environmental Geology" on "Risk of Subsidence due to Evaporite Dissolution" (ROSES) 

Funding 

Coal Authority - Diffuse pollution from historic metal mining in the UK

NERC - Legacy Wastes in the coastal zone: Environmental risks and management futures 

Postgraduate Teaching

SPG8025 Energy from the Earth

• Articles

  • Gandy CJ, Burke IT, Byrne P, Cooper N, Crane RA, Hudson-Edwards KA, Mayes WM, Onnis P, Riley AL, Jarvis AP. Spatial variability of metal(loid) leaching from coastal colliery wastes under freshwater and saline water conditions. Journal of Environmental Management 2025, 376, 124489.
  • Riley AL, Cameron J, Burke IT, Onnis P, MacDonald JM, Gandy CJ, Crane RA, Byrne P, Comber S, Jarvis AP, Hudson-Edwards KA, Mayes WM. Environmental behaviour of iron and steel slags in coastal settings. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024, 31, 42428–42444.
  • Gandy CJ, Gray ND, Mejeha OK, Sherry A, Jarvis AP. Use of propionic acid additions to enhance zinc removal from mine drainage in short residence time, flow-through sulfate-reducing bioreactors. Journal of Environmental Management 2023, 327, 116862.
  • Jarvis AP, Gandy CJ, Webb JA. Controls on the generation and geochemistry of neutral mine drainage: Evidence from Force Crag Mine, Cumbria, UK. Minerals 2023, 13(5), 592.
  • Riley AL, Amezaga J, Burke IT, Byrne P, Cooper N, Crane RA, Comber SDW, Gandy CJ, Hudson-Edwards KA, Jennings E, Lewis E, Lofts S, MacDonald JM, Malcolm H, Mayes WM, Onnis P, Olszewska J, Spears B, Jarvis AP. Incorporating conceptual site models into national-scale environmental risk assessments for legacy waste in the coastal zone. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2022, 10, 1045482.
  • Mayes WM, Perks MT, Large ARG, Davis JE, Gandy CJ, Orme PAH, Jarvis AP. Effect of an extreme flood event on solute transport and resilience of a mine water treatment system in a mineralised catchment. Science of the Total Environment 2021, 750, 141693.
  • Jarvis AP, Davis JE, Orme PHA, Potter HAB, Gandy CJ. Predicting the benefits of mine water treatment under varying hydrological conditions using a synoptic mass balance approach. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53(2), 702-709.
  • Gandy CJ, Davis JE, Orme PHA, Potter HAB, Jarvis AP. Metal removal mechanisms in a short hydraulic residence time subsurface flow compost wetland for mine drainage treatment. Ecological Engineering 2016, 97, 179-185.
  • Bailey MT, Gandy CJ, Watson IA, Wyatt LM, Jarvis AP. Heat recovery potential of mine water treatment systems in Great Britain. International Journal of Coal Geology 2016, 164, 77-84.
  • Jarvis AP, Davis JE, Gray ND, Orme PHA, Gandy CJ. Mitigation of pollution from abandoned metal mines: Investigation of passive compost bioreactor systems for treatment of abandoned metal mine discharges. Environment Agency Science Report SC090024/R3 2014, 1-98.
  • Kusin F, Jarvis A, Gandy C. Hydraulic Performance and Iron Removal in Wetlands and Lagoons Treating Ferruginous Coal Mine Waters. Wetlands 2014, 34(3), 555-564.
  • Minas K, Karunakaran E, Bond T, Gandy C, Honsbein A, Madsen M, Amezaga J, Amtmann A, Templeton MR, Biggs CA, Lawton L. Biodesalination: an emerging technology for targeted removal of Na⁺ and Cl^- from seawater by cyanobacteria. Desalination and Water Treatment 2014, 55(10), 2647-2668.
  • Amezaga JM, Amtmann A, Biggs CA, Bond T, Gandy CJ, Honsbein A, Karunakaran E, Lawton L, Madsen MA, Minas K, Templeton MR. Biodesalination: a case study for applications of photosynthetic bacteria in water treatment. Plant Physiology 2014, 164(4), 1661-1676.
  • Gandy CJ, Jarvis AP. The influence of engineering scale and environmental conditions on the performance of compost bioreactors for the remediation of zinc in mine water discharges. Mine Water and the Environment 2012, 31(2), 82-91.
  • Kusin FM, Jarvis AP, Gandy CJ. Hydraulic performance assessment of passive coal mine water treatment systems in the UK. Ecological Engineering 2012, 49, 233-243.
  • Gandy CJ, Clarke L, Banks D, Younger PL. Predictive modelling of groundwater abstraction and artificial recharge of cooling water. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2010, 43(3), 279-288.
  • Kusin FM, Jarvis AP, Gandy CJ. Hydraulic residence time and iron removal in a wetland receiving ferruginous mine water over a 4 year period from commissioning. Water Science and Technology 2010, 62(8), 1937-1946.
  • Banks D, Gandy CJ, Younger PL, Withers J, Underwood C. Anthropogenic thermogeological 'anomaly' in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2009, 42(3), 307-312.
  • Gandy CJ, Younger PL. Predicting long-term contamination potential of perched groundwater in a mine-waste heap using a random-walk method. Hydrogeology Journal 2008, 16(3), 447-459.
  • Gandy CJ, Younger PL. Predicting groundwater rebound in the South Yorkshire Coalfield, UK. Mine Water and the Environment 2007, 26(2), 70-78.
  • Gandy CJ, Younger PL. An object-oriented particle tracking code for pyrite oxidation and pollutant transport in mine spoil heaps. Journal of Hydroinformatics 2007, 9(4), 293-304.
  • Evans KA, Gandy CJ, Banwart SA. Mineralogical, numerical and analytical studies of the coupled oxidation of pyrite and coal. Mineralogical Magazine 2003, 67(2), 381-398.
  • Gandy CJ, Younger PL. Effect of a clay cap on oxidation of pyrite within mine spoil. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2003, 36(3), 207-215.
  • Gandy CJ, Evans KA. Laboratory and numerical modelling studies of iron release from a spoil heap in County Durham. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2002, 198, 205-214.

• Conference Proceedings (inc. Abstracts)

  • Gandy CJ, Jarvis AP, Cox N, Lofts S, Malley J, Moorhouse-Parry AML, Neate KS, Palumbo-Roe B, Potter HAB. Challenges of watershed mine drainage characterisation and remediation at scale: Force Crag base metal mine, Cumbria, UK. In: International Mine Water Association Congress. 2021, Cardiff, UK.
  • Riley AL, Onnis P, Jennings E, Crane RA, Hudson-Edwards KA, Comber SDW, Burke IT, Byrne P, Gandy CJ, Jarvis AP, Mayes WM. A GIS-based prioritisation of coastal legacy mine spoil deposits in England and Wales for effective future management. In: International Mine Water Association Congress. 2021, Virtual.
  • Jarvis AP, Davis JE, Orme PHA, Potter HAB, Gandy CJ. Evaluating metal behaviour and mine water treatment benefits in abandoned mine catchments with variable pollutant load inputs. In: International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage; 11th ICARD | IMWA | WISA MWD 2018 Conference – Risk to Opportunity. 2018, Pretoria, South Africa: International Mine Water Association.
  • Mayes WM, Anton AD, Thomas C, Potter HAB, Rudall S, Amezaga JM, Gandy CJ, Jarvis AP. National assessment of diffuse mining pollution in England and Wales. In: 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference. 2015, Santiago, Chile.
  • Jarvis AP, Gandy CJ, Bailey MT, Davis JE, Orme PHA, Malley J, Potter HAB, Moorhouse AML. Metal removal and secondary contamination in a passive metal mine drainage treatment system. In: 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference. 2015, Santiago, Chile.
  • Bailey M, Jarvis A, Gandy C. Characterization of passive treatment system substrates and potential for zinc recovery. In: 10th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage & IMWA Annual Conference. 2015, Santiago, Chile.
  • Honsbein A, Madsen MA, Amezaga JM, Biggs CA, Bond T, Gandy CJ, Karunakaran E, Lawton L, Minas K, Templeton MR, Amtmann A. 'Biodesalination': a synthetic biology approach for the use of photosynthetic bacteria in water treatment. In: 16th European Congress on Biotechnology. 2014, Edinburgh, UK: Elsevier.

• Editorial

  • Younger PL, Lamont-Black J, Gandy CJ. "Risk of subsidence due to evaporite solution" (ROSES) - Introduction to a Special Issue of Environmental Geology. Environmental Geology 2005, 48(3), 285-286.

• Reports

  • Gray ND, Gandy CJ, Jarvis AP. Mitigation of pollution from abandoned metal mines Part 2: Review of resource recovery options from the passive remediation of metal-rich mine waters. Bristol: Environment Agency, 2012. Environment Agency Science Report SC090024/R2.
  • Jarvis AP, Gandy CJ, Gray ND. Mitigation of pollution from abandoned metal mines Part 1: Review of passive treatment technologies for metal mine drainage remediation. Bristol: Environment Agency, 2012. Environment Agency Science Report SC090024/R1.

• Review

  • Gandy CJ, Smith JWN, Jarvis AP. Attenuation of mining-derived pollutants in the hyporheic zone: A review. Science of the Total Environment 2007, 373(2-3), 435-446.